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Views of Muhammad in some aspects vary widely between the sects of Islam. This article focuses on these sects' doctrines and beliefs surrounding Muhammad.
[edit] Veneration of MuhammadMuslims have many ways to express veneration for Muhammad, as an acknowledgement of him being the final prophet of Islam, with one special exception: Muslims do not worship Muhammad, out of belief in the oneness of God as stated in the Shahada. [edit] The sinlessness of Muhammad[edit] Common beliefsAll Muslims believe that Muhammad was sinless in the sense of transmitting the revelation. [edit] Sunni beliefsMainstream traditional Sunni believes that Muhammad was infallible and sinless. They believe that, as a Prophet of Islam, he was protected by Allah.[1] According to Sunni scholars, if the messenger is not error-prone then the message will connotatively lack credentials of authenticity.[2]
Allah Most High preserving the Prophets from falling into that which has been prohibited," as explained by the commentators of the Jawhara. [Tattan/Kaylani, `Awn al-Murid `ala Jawharat al-Tawhid, 2.727; also: Bajuri, Tuhfat al-Murid].[1] They put forward following verses ,
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[edit] Shia beliefsThe doctrine of sinlessness in Shia'ism is called Ismah (Arabic: عِصْمَة, Persian: ِعصمت) literally means 'protection' and is generally translated as "sinlessness". Protection is believed to be of three types of "Protection from mistake in receiving the revelation from Allah", "Protection from mistake in conveying the revelation of Allah" and "Protection from sins." It is believed that all the prophets in Islam, Fatima, and the twelve descendants of Muhammad through Fatima are sinless. [6] The Shi'a teaches that Muhammad, Fatima together with the twelve descendants of Muhammad through Fatima are purified by God (See the Event of the Cloak). They are commonly called fourteen infallibles. Though the fourteen infallibles are human being and may be tempted by Satan towards sin, it is believed that they will be helped by God to overcome Satan’s temptations. The following verse of Qur’an is sometimes cited to prove this position.
[edit] What was the fate of Muhammad's soul after his death?[edit] Sufi viewsSufi's believe that Muhammad is alive with the power of invisibility; his spirit pervades the world and can be reached by true seekers.[7][8] [edit] MiraclesMost Muslims believe that Muhammad performed miracles, such as splitting the moon. They also believe the Quran is the living miracle given to Muhammad by Allah. [edit] In speaking and writingWhen speaking or writing, Muhammad's name is often followed by the phrase "peace be upon him," in English often abbreviated to PBUH or simply "(p)". Muhammad is often referenced with titles of praise:
Also:
[edit] Praise in poetry and musicIslamic poetry is rich in the praise of Muhammad. Rarely is there any Muslim poet who is without any piece written on him. In fact there is a special class of poetry, known as Nasheed (Arabic) or Naat (Urdu), devoted to such praise. This is inspired by the Islamic traditions (ahadith) that each act of veneration would result in 10 times the blessing of God on the praiser. (see Praise of Muhammad in poetry). Concerts of Muslim and especially Sufi devotional music include songs praising Muhammad (see Islamic music, Sufism). [edit] The birthday of MuhammadMain article: Mawlid Many Shias, Sufis and some Sunnis celebrate Muhammad's birthday with elaborate festivities. Cities and homes are illuminated with colorful lights and candles, parades and processions are carried out, and conferences on the life of Muhammad are held. Many Sunni groups feel that such celebrations are idolatry or shirk or innovations and forbid them. [edit] Punishment of criticismCriticism of Muhammad is often equated with blasphemy, which is punishable by death in some Islamic states. Pakistan is frequently in the news for prosecutions under its blasphemy law. If the courts decline to act, angry crowds have been known to lynch the suspected blasphemer.[10] In 2005 a Danish newspaper, the Jyllands-Posten, printed some controversial cartoons, most of which were insulting toward Muhammad and Islam. Some countries -- Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iraq among them -- protested vigorously to the Danish government for not taking action against the newspaper, but the Danish government responded that it does not control the media. [edit] Visual representationMain article: Depictions of Muhammad While most of Islam was predominantly aniconistic during most of its history, there are rich traditions of visual representation of Muhammad, mainly in the form of paintings and illustrations in religious or hagiographical texts. Religious figures rarely have their face shown. Such figures are often shown with their head veiled in sheets embroidered with Koranic text. Sunni Islam discourages representations of any religious figure, whereas Shi'as do not have such prohibitions, as there are many images of their imams, including Ali. [edit] See also[edit] References
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