Portuguese royalty
House of Aviz-Beja

Manuel I Children include    Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and of Asturias    John III    Isabella, Holy Roman Empress    Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy    Louis, Duke of Beja    Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso    Cardinal-Infante Afonso    Henry    Edward, Duke of Guimarães    Maria, Lady of Viseu Grandchildren include    Anthony (illegitimate)    Maria, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza    Catherine, Duchess of Braganza Great-Great-Grandchildren include    John IV John III Children include    Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal and of Asturias    John Manuel, Prince of Portugal Grandchildren include    Sebastian Sebastian Henry Anthony

Infanta Catherine of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza by mariage (Portuguese: Catarina; Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐtɐˈɾinɐ]; 1540 - 1614), was a Portuguese infanta (princess) claimant to the throne following the death of King Henry of Portugal in 1580.

She was the second daughter of Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães (sixth son of Manuel I of Portugal) and Isabella of Braganza, she was married to John, 6th Duke of Braganza, a descendant of earlier Portuguese monarchs, and head of the most important aristocratic House in Portugal. The duchess had several children, of whom Teodósio of Braganza, was her eldest surviving son.

Catarina of Portugal was the younger daughter of Duarte, Duke of Guimarães, king Henry's youngest brother, and his wife Isabel of Braganza. When King Henry died (1580), Duarte's issue were the only surviving legitimate heirs of any of the sons of King Manuel I of Portugal. As the male line is preferred in Portuguese succession before the female one, descendants of Manuel I's daughters (such as king Philip II of Spain) had, in principle, only a weaker claim to the throne than Edward's descendants, to whom Catherine belonged.

Following this principle, the first in line to the throne would have been Catherine's nephew Ranuccio I Farnese of Parma, as that 11-year old Italian boy was the heir of her elder sister Maria of Guimarães. Catherine is said to have been ambitious and participated in intrigues.

Her cousin, King Philip II of Spain, used his descent as son of Infanta Isabella, eldest daughter of king Manuel I. Her other cousin Anthony, Prior of Crato was a male, though illegitimate. Anthony had already in 1578 claimed the throne.

Catherine had married the Duke of Braganza, John, who himself as a grandson of the late James, Duke of Braganza, was a legitimate heir of Portugal. The Duchess' son, Teodósio of Braganza, would have been their royal heir and successor to the throne.

The duchess's claim was relatively strong, as it was reinforced by her husband's position as one of the legitimate heirs; thus they would both be entitled to hold the kingship. Her claim was also strengthened by the fact that she was living in Portugal, and was a mature woman of forty. However, Portugal had not yet had a generally recognized queen regnant, but only males on the throne. Moreover, she was a younger daughter, thus there was a genealogically senior claimant, her nephew Ranuccio.

She failed in the struggle: the strongest claimant was her cousin Philip II of Spain who wanted to unite Portugal in a personal union with the other Spanish kingdoms under himself. The nationalist party, those who desired Portugal to remain independent, supported her illegitimate cousin Anthony of Crato, not Catherine. Anthony lost the final competition to Philip in the Battle of Alcântara in 1580.

In a couple of years, she lost her husband John of Braganza (1543-1583). She lived on as a widowed lady under the rule of her Castilian cousin.

In 1640, Catherine's grandson and direct heir, the then Duke of Braganza, became King John IV of Portugal. The Duchess was then retrospectively acknowledged as the legitimate heir, as result of her descendants obtaining the throne, although in her own lifetime she was only one of several possible heirs. By the unanimous voice of the people John was raised to the throne of Portugal during the revolution effected on December 1, 1640 against the Spanish king, Philip IV.

[edit] Offspring

Catherine and her husband had the following children:

• • Mary of Braganza (1565-?)
  • Seraphina of Braganza (1566-1604)
  • Teodosio of Braganza (1568-1630), succeeded his father as Duke of Braganza; father of King John IV of Portugal.
  • Edward of Braganza
  • Alexander of Braganza, Archbishop of Évora
  • Cherubina of Braganza(1572-1580)
  • Angelica of Braganza(1573-1576)
  • Mary of Braganza (1573)
  • Isabella of Braganza (1578-1582)
  • Philip of Braganza (1581-1608)