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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene. It primarily refers to rock musicians that are or were unsigned, or have signed to independent record labels, rather than major record labels. Genres or subgenres often associated with indie rock include lo-fi, post-rock, sadcore, C86, and math rock, to list but a few; other related (and sometimes overlapping) categories include shoegazing and indie pop. Indie rock artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers, releasing albums on independent record labels (sometimes their own) and relying on touring, word-of-mouth, and airplay on independent or college radio stations for promotion. Some end up moving to major labels, often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success.

[edit] History

[edit] 1980s

In the United Kingdom, indie music charts have been compiled since the early 1980s. Initially, the charts featured bands that emerged with a form of guitar-based alternative rock that dominated the indie charts, particularly indie pop artists such as Aztec Camera and Orange Juice, the C86 jangle-pop movement and the twee pop of Sarah Records artists. Some definitive British indie rock bands of the 1980s were The Smiths, The Stone Roses and The Jesus and Mary Chain, whose music directly influenced 1990s alternative rock movements such as shoegazing and Britpop.

In the United States, the music commonly regarded as indie rock is descended from an alternative rock scene largely influenced by the movements of the 1970s and early 1980s and their DIY ethos. In the 1980s the term "indie rock" was particularly associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of Hüsker Dü, Dinosaur Jr, Sonic Youth, Big Black, and others that populated American indie labels, separating them from jangly college rock bands like R.E.M. and 10,000 Maniacs, who, by the end of the decade, were signed to major labels. The late eighties band Pixies is said to be the main influence in 1990s-present indie rock.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1990s

During the first half of the 1990s, alternative rock, led by grunge bands such as Alice in Chains, Nirvana, Soundgarden and Pearl Jam, broke into the mainstream, achieving commercial chart success and widespread exposure. Shortly thereafter the alternative genre became commercialized as mainstream success attracted major-label investment and commercially-oriented or manufactured acts with a formulaic, conservative approach. With this, the meaning of the label "alternative" changed away from its original, more counter-cultural meaning to refer to alternative music that achieved mainstream success and the term "indie rock" was used to refer to the bands and genres that remained underground. One of the defining movements of 1990s indie rock was the lo-fi movement spearheaded by Guided by Voices, Pavement, Sebadoh, The Grifters, Liz Phair, The Elephant 6 Recording Co., and others, which placed a premium on rough recording techniques, ironic detachment, and disinterest in "selling out" to the mainstream alternative rock scene.

[edit] Main indie rock genres of the 1990s

• Lo fi, as already mentioned above
• Noise rock, (continuing with Drive Like Jehu, Unwound, Shellac, Blonde Redhead)
• Riot Grrrl, (Bikini Kill, Bratmobile)
• Math rock, (Chavez, June of '44)
• Post rock, (Slint, Mogwai)
• Post-hardcore (At The Drive-In, Fugazi, Girls Against Boys, Jawbox, Drive Like Jehu)
• Indie pop, (Belle & Sebastian^[1])

[edit] After 2000

Indie bands have attracted many, especially the demographic profile E of college students. Many indie bands have launched their careers by offering to perform at free concerts hosted by universities and colleges. Bands such as The Dykeenies, Silversun Pickups, Tokyo Police Club,People in Planes and Maxïmo Park have found their way on to charts this way.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] UK after 2000

With Arts Council funding for some independent bands, and an increasing range of advertising and commercial opportunities to distribute music, few popular acts are wholly independent. However indie music in the UK has perhaps benefited from the relatively broad overlap between 'mainstream' and 'indie' music genres. Radiohead release their music independently, do not accept corporate sponsorship and continue to make music which is experimental. They are also popular and well-known. There are many artists who make original, distinctive music, without aiming for mainstream success, in genres such as grime music. In this sense, the UK retains a tradition of creating original, experimental music, which has one eye on achieving mainstream success without being subsumed by major music corporations.

[edit] Main indie rock genres after 2000

• Post-punk revival: Placebo, Arctic Monkeys^[1], Maxïmo Park, Franz Ferdinand^[1], Editors, The Cribs, The Killers, Kaiser Chiefs, TV on the Radio, Bloc Party, The Futureheads, Interpol, Boy Kill Boy, Dirty Pretty Things, Kill Hannah
• Garage rock revival: The White Stripes, The Vines, The Strokes^[1], Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Kings of Leon, The Subways, The Libertines, The Hives, Ikara Colt, Motel Motel, Mclusky, Mooney Suzuki, The Horrors, The Von Bondies, The Black Keys, Dirty Little Rabbits, The Raconteurs, Johnossi
• Dance-punk: Death From Above 1979, Metric, MGMT, CSS, The Rapture, Klaxons, The Presets, MSTRKRFT, You Say Party! We Say Die!, Shitdisco, Hot Chip, LCD Soundsystem, New Young Pony Club, !!!, Q and Not U, Foals, Does It Offend You, Yeah?, Cut Copy, The Ting Tings, VHS or Beta,The Faint

Additional, less clearly defined genres include:

• Baroque pop: Arcade Fire^[1], Danielson Famile, Sufjan Stevens^[1], The Decemberists, John Vanderslice, Broken Social Scene, Stars, Cloud Cult, Vampire Weekend, The Wombats
• New prog: Mew, Porcupine Tree, Muse, The Mars Volta, Coheed and Cambria, The Secret Machines, Los Hermanos, Battles, People in Planes, Doves,^[2] Mystery Jets,^[3] Oceansize,^[4] Pure Reason Revolution^[5]
• Post-rock: Explosions in the Sky, Pelican, Sigur Rós, Mogwai, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Slint, Tortoise, Mono
• New folk^[6]: Animal Collective,^[6] Joanna Newsom,^[6] CocoRosie,^[6] Devendra Banhart,^[6] Six Organs of Admittance,^[6] The Angels of Light,^[6] Vetiver,^[6] Espers,^[6] Wooden Wand and the Vanishing Voice.^[6],Lightspeed Champion, Laura Marling.

[edit] See also

• Independent music
• List of indie rock artists

[edit] References

• Mathieson, Craig (2000), The Sell-In: How the Music Business Seduced Alternative Rock, Sydney, Allen and Unwin
• Allmusic- Indie Rock

[edit] Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Jon Dolan, Josh Eells, Will Hermes, Jonah Weiner, Douglas Wolk (December 2007). "The 100 Greatest Indie Rock Albums Ever". Blender. Retrieved on 2008-02-08.
2. ^ "Doves transcend Manchester rock history to make some of their own". Eye Weekly (June 13, 2002). Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
3. ^ "Prog rock? Just say yes". Times Online (January 28, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
4. ^ "There's Nothing Progressive About It". Pop Matters (21 July 2004). Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
5. ^ "Pure Reason Revolution - The Intention Craft". Music OMH. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} {{cite news - | url = http://altmusic.about.com/od/genresstyles/p/new_folk.htm - | title = What Is New Folk? A Genre Profile - | author = Michael Keefe - | work = About.com - | date = - | accessdate = 2008-07-07 - }}