| Term | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
| 24 May 1957 to 26 July 1958 | Jean-Marie Koné, Vice President of the Government Council | US/RDA |
| 26 July 1958 to 24 November 1958 | Jean-Marie Koné, President of the Government Council | US/RDA |
| 24 November 1958 to 5 April 1959 | Jean-Marie Koné, President of the Provisional Government | US/RDA |
| 5 April 1959 to 1965 | Modibo Keïta, Prime Minister | US/RDA |
| 1965 to 19 November 1968 | post abolished |
| 19 November 1968 to 18 September 1969 | Yoro Diakité, Prime Minister | Mil |
| 6 June 1986 to 6 June 1988 | Mamadou Dembelé, Prime Minister | UDPM |
| 2 April 1991 to 9 June 1992 | Soumana Sacko, interim Prime Minister | n-p |
| 9 June 1992 to 12 April 1993 | Younoussi Touré, Prime Minister | n-p |
| 12 April 1993 to 4 February 1994 | Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, Prime Minister | n-p |
| 4 February 1994 to 15 February 2000 | Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, Prime Minister | ADM |
| 15 February 2000 to 18 March 2002 | Mandé Sidibé, Prime Minister | ADM |
| 18 March 2002 to 9 June 2002 | Modibo Keita, Prime Minister | n-p |
| 9 June 2002 to 29 April 2004 | Ahmed Mohammed Ag Hamani, Prime Minister | n-p |
| 29 April 2004 to 28 September 2007 | Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime Minister | n-p |
| 28 September 2007 to present | Modibo Sidibé, Prime Minister | |