| Tenure | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
| Gabon Autonomous Republic |
| 21 May 1957 to 26 July 1958 | Léon M’ba, Vice President of the Government Council | BDG | |
| 26 July 1958 to 28 November 1958 | Léon M'ba, President of the Government Council | |
| 28 November 1958 to 27 February 1959 | Léon M'ba, Head of the Provisional Government | |
| 27 February 1959 to 17 August 1960 | Léon M'ba, Prime Minister | |
| Gabonese Republic (République Gabonaise) |
| 17 August 1960 to 21 February 1961 | Léon M'ba, Prime Minister | BDG | President from 17 August 1960 |
| 21 February 1961 to 17 February 1964 | Léon M'ba, President | Head of Government exercised by Head of State until 16 April 1975 |
| 19 February 1964 to 17 February 1964 | Léon M'ba, President | |
| 18 February 1964 to 19 February 1964 | Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Provisional Prime Minister | Mil/UDSG | Usurper |
| 19 February 1964 to 28 November 1967 | Léon M'ba, President | BDG | |
| 2 December 1967 to 29 September 1973 | Albert-Bernard Bongo, President | BDG | Changed name to Omar Bongo on conversion to Islam |
| 29 September 1973 to 16 April 1975 | Omar Bongo, President | BDG | Previously Albert-Bernard Bongo |
| 16 April 1975 to 3 May 1990 | Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister | BDG | |
| 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994 | Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister | n-p | |
| 2 November 1994 to 23 January 1999 | Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister | PDG | |
| 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006 | Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister | PDG | |
| 20 January 2006 to 17 July 2009 | Jean Eyeghe Ndong, Prime Minister | PDG | |
| 17 July 2009 to present | Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime Minister | PDG | |
