Haplogroup J1e (Y-DNA) Information & Haplogroup J1e (Y-DNA) Links at HealthHaven.com

	Haplogroup J1e
Time of origin	5,000 to 10,000 years ago
Place of origin	Arabian Plate
Ancestor	J1
Defining mutations	P58
Highest frequencies	Semites

In human genetics, Haplogroup J1e (P58) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup J1.

[edit] Distribution

The frequency of Haplogroup J1e collapses suddenly at the borders of Arabic speaking countries with mainly non-Arabic speaking countries, such as Iran (10.40%)^[1] and Turkey (9%)^[2]. The distribution of J1 outside of the Middle East is associated with the Semites who traded and conquered in Sicily, southern Italy, Spain, Azerbaijan, Dagestan (Russia), and Pakistan.

[edit] Arabian Plate

Haplogroup J1e, defined by the P58 marker is most frequent in Yemen-Saudi (65%) It is also very common among other Arabs such as those of the Levant, i.e. Palestinian (38.5%) ^[3], Syria (30%), Lebanon (25%) In Jewish populations, J1e constitutes 30% of the Yemenite Jews^[4] 20.0% of the Ashkenazim results and 12% of the Sephardic results^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6].

[edit] North Africa

In North Africa, J1e first entered Ethiopia with the spread of Semitic speakers Eritrea (11%), Ethiopia (9%), Ethiopia-Amhara (33.3%). It spread later to North Africa in historic times (as identified by the motif YCAIIa22-YCAIIb22; Algerians 35.0%, Tunisians 31%), where it became something like a marker of the Arab expansion in the early medieval period ^[3]. J1 also seems to be found with high frequency in the northern parts of Sudan (Arabs 45%, Nubians 41%, Copts 39%, Beja 36%), and present with lower frequency in the region of Darfur (Masalit 6%, Fur 6%).^[7] Haplogroup J1 may be found in as many as 20% of Egyptian males,^[8] with the frequency of this haplogroup tending to be comparatively high in the south of the country.^[9]

[edit] Subclades

- J1e* (P58)
  - J1e1 (M367, M368) - formerly J1c
  - J1e2 (M369) - formerly J1d

The P58 marker which defines subgroup J1e was first identified by Karafet et al. in 2008. From early commercial testing, it appears that its associated Y-STR haplotype range spans many of the haplotypes associated with haplogroup J1, and that the majority of the members of haplogroup J1 will belong to this subgroup, with some smaller P58-negative groups.

Further study published in 2009 found new markers and better defined J1e*(J-P58*). The researchers demonstrated that 46.1% of Cohanim carry Y chromosomes belonging to a single paternal lineage (J-P58*) that likely originated in the Near East well before the dispersal of Jewish groups in the Diaspora. Support for a Near Eastern origin of this lineage comes from its high frequency in our sample of Bedouins, Yemenis (67%), and Jordanians (55%) and its precipitous drop in frequency as one moves away from Saudi Arabia and the Near East (Fig. 4). Moreover, there is a striking contrast between the relatively high frequency of J-58* in Jewish populations (»20%) and Cohanim (»46%) and its vanishingly low frequency in our sample of non- Jewish populations that hosted Jewish diaspora communities outside of the Near East.^[10].

One group which appears to systematically test negative for P58 is the J1 cluster in which the Y-STR marker DYS388 has a low value of 13, indicating that this branch of J1 appears to be descended from a distinct population group. Attention was first drawn to this group in 2003, in "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia," by Cinnioglu et al, who stated,

"Haplogroup J1-M267 occurs at 9% frequency and is also uniformly distributed across Turkey...with the exception of eight samples localized to the northern geographic periphery that all have an unusual “short” 13 repeat DYS388 allele... We propose that this subset of J1 lineages have a unique heritage.... These peculiar chromosomes distribute along the northern tier of Turkey. While this lineage has not been observed in Greece, it has been detected in Georgia (Semino, unpublished results), suggesting Black Sea coastal gene flow."^[11]

According to Yunusbayev et al. 2006: "Overall, our results corroborate the initially suggested genetic contribution of Middle Eastern populations to Caucasus populations"^[12].

[edit] References

^ 17 out of 150, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration, Regueiroa et al. 2006
^ 47 out of 523, Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Cinnioglu et al. 2004
^ ^a ^b ^c Semino et al. 2004
^ ^a ^b Shen et al. 2004
^ https://dna.familybuilder.com/client/dna-questions-genealogy-testing-kit-family-ancestry.action
^ Behar et al. 2004
^ Hisham Y. Hassan et al., "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History," American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2008). J-12f2(xJ2-M172) in 46/102 Sudanese Arabs of the Gaalien, Meseria, and Arakien tribes, 16/39 Nubians, 13/33 Copts, 15/42 Beja, 2/32 Masalit, and 2/32 Fur.
^ Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, et al. (March 2004). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMID 14973781. PMC 1182266. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9297(07)61870-9.
^ Barbara Arredi, Estella S. Poloni, Silvia Paracchini, Tatiana Zerjal, Dahmani M. Fathallah, Mohamed Makrelouf, Vincenzo L. Pascali, Andrea Novelletto and Chris Tyler-Smith, "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa," American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 75, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 338-345. Haplogroup J-12f2(xJ2-M172) in 4/44 = 9.1% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Mansoura in northern Egypt, and 6/29 = 20.7% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Luxor in southern Egypt.
^ Hammer, Michael F; Doron M Behar and 7 others (2009-08-08). "Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood". Hum Genet (Springer) epub ahead of publication.
^ Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Cinnioglu et al. 2004
^ Yunusbayev B, Kutuev I, Khusainova R, Guseinov G, Khusnutdinova E (August 2006). "Genetic structure of Dagestan populations: a study of 11 Alu insertion polymorphisms". Hum. Biol. 78 (4): 465–76. doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0059. PMID 17278621.