Haplogroup IJ
Time of origin	35,000-40,000 years BP
Place of origin	Southwest Asia
Ancestor	IJK
Descendants	I, J
Defining mutations	M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22

In human genetics, Haplogroup IJ is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup IJ is a descendant branch of Haplogroup IJK^[1] which in turn derives from the greater Haplogroup F. Descendants are Haplogroup I and Haplogroup J. Haplogroup IJ derived populations account for a significant fraction of the present-day populations of Western Eurasia, North Africa, the Americas, and Australia.

Contents 1 Origin 2 Subclades 3 References 4 See also

[edit] Origin

It is notable that no example of a Haplogroup IJ* Y-chromosome has been found among any modern human population; the existence of the Haplogroup IJ node has been inferred from the fact that certain mutations are shared in common among all Y-chromosomes belonging to the descendant haplogroups I and J. The lack of any examples of Haplogroup IJ* belonging to neither Haplogroup I nor Haplogroup J complicates any attempt to deduce the geographical location where Haplogroup IJ first appeared; however, the fact that both Haplogroup I and Haplogroup J are found among modern populations of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Southwest Asia tends to support the hypothesis that Haplogroup IJ derived from Haplogroup IJK in the vicinity of West Asia or the Middle East and subsequently spread throughout Western Eurasia.

The TMRCA (time to most recent common ancestor) for the IJ clade, expressed in ky (confidence interval), is 38.5 (30.5-46.2)^[2].

[edit] Subclades

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• IJ (M429, P123, P124, P125, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22) per ISOGG 2008
  • I (M170, P19, M258, P38, P212, U179) Haplogroup I notation updated to ISOGG 2008
    • I*
    • I1 (M253, M307, M450/S109, P30, P40, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S107, S108, S110, S111) (formerly I1a) Typical of populations of Scandinavia and Northwest Europe, with a moderate distribution throughout Eastern Europe
      • I1*
      • I1a (M21) (formerly I1a2)
      • I1b (M227) (formerly I1a1) Appears to be limited to a marginally low frequency of approximately 1% among Slavic and Uralic peoples of Eastern Europe; also detected in a single Lebanese man
        • I1b1 (M72) (formerly I1a1a)
      • I1c (P109)
      • I1d (P259)
    • I2 (M438/P215/S31) (formerly I1b)
      • I2*
      • I2a (P37.2) (formerly I1b1) Typical of the South Slavic peoples of the Balkans, especially the populations of Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia ; also found with high haplotype diversity values, but lower overall frequency, among the West Slavic populations of Slovakia and the Czech Republic; a node of elevated frequency in Moldavia correlates with that observed for Haplogroup I2a (but not for Haplogroup I1)
        • I2a*
        • I2a1 (M423)
          • I2a1*
          • I2a1a (P41.2/M359.2) (formerly I1b1a)
        • I2a2 (M26) (formerly I1b1b) Typical of the population of the so-called "archaic zone" of Sardinia; also found at low frequencies among populations of Southwest Europe, particularly in Castile, Béarn, and the Basque Country
          • I2a2*
          • I2a2a (M161) (formerly I1b1b1)
      • I2b (M436/P214/S33, P216/S30, P217/S23, P218/S32) (formerly I1b2)
        • I2b*
        • I2b1 (M223, P219/S24, P220/S119, P221/S120, P222/U250/S118, P223/S117) (formerly I1b2a - old I1c) Occurs at a moderate frequency among populations of Northwest Europe, with a peak frequency in the region of Lower Saxony in central Germany; minor offshoots appear in Moldavia and Russia (especially around Vladimir, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Republic of Mordovia)
          • I2b1*
          • I2b1a (M284) (formerly I1b2a1) Generally limited to a low frequency in Great Britain
          • I2b1b (M379) (formerly I1b2a2)
          • I2b1c (P78) (formerly I1b2a3)
          • I2b1d (P95) (formerly I1b2a4)
  • J (12f2.1, M304, S6, S34, S35)
    • • J*
      • J1 (M267) Typical of populations of the Middle East, Dagestan and Semitic-speaking populations of North Africa and East Africa
        • J1*
        • J1a (M62)
        • J1b (M365)
        • J1c (M367, M368)
        • J1d (M369)
        • J1e (M390)
      • J2 (M172) Typical of populations of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Southern Europe, and the Caucasus, with a moderate distribution throughout Southwest Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa
        • J2*
        • J2a (M410)
          • J2a*
          • J2a1 (DYS413≤18)
          • J2a2 (M340)
        • J2b (M12, M314, M221)
          • J2b*
          • J2b1 (M102) Mainly found in the Balkans, Greece, and Italy (possibly from Ancient Greeks)

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Haplogroup
• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
• Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups
• Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)
• Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)
• Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)
• Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
• Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)

Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes)

most recent common Y-ancestor

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A

BT

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B

CT

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CF

DE

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C

F

D

E

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G

H

IJK

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IJ

K

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I

J

L

MNOPS

T

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M

NO

P

S

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N

O

Q

R