Haplogroup E1b1
Time of origin	35000 years BP
Place of origin	Africa[1]
Ancestor	E1b
Descendants	E1b1a, E1b1b, E1b1c
Defining mutations	DYS391p, P2/PN2, P179, P180, P181

In human genetics, Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2 or E-PN2) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

Contents 1 Origin 2 Distribution 3 Tree 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Origin

E1b1* is likely to have originated in the highlands of Ethiopia, as this is the place with the highest frequency of this haplogroup. It is the ancestor of the majority of E subclade lineages existing today. It has diverged into three subclades: E1b1b approximately 24-27,000 years ago (Cruciani et al. 2004), E1b1a and E1b1c.

[edit] Distribution

This haplogroup is found mostly in Africa, mainly in the forms of its predominant sub-clades, E1b1a and E1b1b, with E1b1a being more common in Western Africa and Sub Saharan Africa, and E1b1b more common in Northern and Eastern Africa as well as being found also in Western Eurasia.

A smaller sub-clade, E1b1c, has also been defined, based upon the SNP mutation M329. Very few cases have been observed. Semino et al. (2004) found 2 Ethiopian Oromo in a study of >2400 individuals, including 78 Oromo. Cadenas et al. (2007) found 1 case in Qatar, out of 72 people tested there in that study.^[1][2]

The paraclade, referred to as E1b1* or E-P2*, and including cases which are not in E1b1a, E1b1b or E1b1c, is also rare. It has mainly been observed in Ethiopia and in smaller amounts in Western Africa and Southern Africa. Semino et al. (2004) found it in 10.4% of 48 Ethiopian Amhara, 12.8% of 78 Ethiopian Jews, 1.9% of 53 South African Bantu, and 2.9% of 139 Sengalese.^[1] Stefflova et al. 2009 report one individual out of a sample of 217 African American men from Philadelphia with haplogroup E1b1*.^[3]

Cruciani et al. (2002) did not test for M329, but found the following which were either E1b1* or E1b1c: 18% of 22 Ethiopian Jews, 2% of 49 Mossi from Burkina Faso, 3% of 37 Rimaibe also from Burkina Faso, and 6% of 17 Fulbe from Cameroon.^[4]

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree ^[5] and subsequent published research.

• E1b1 (P2, P179, P180, P181, DYS391p)
  • E1b1a (M2, P1, M180 [P88], P46, P182, P189, P211, P293)
  • E1b1b (M215)
    • E1b1b1 (M35)
  • E1b1c (M329)

Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes)

most recent common Y-ancestor

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A

BT

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B

CT

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CF

DE

|

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C

F

D

E

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G

H

IJK

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IJ

K

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I

J

L

MNOPS

T

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M

NO

P

S

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N

O

Q

R

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008
• British Isles DNA Project