GNAS complex locus
Identifiers
Symbol	GNAS
Alt. symbols	GNAS1
Entrez	2778
HUGO	4392
OMIM	139320
RefSeq	NM_000516
UniProt	Q5JWF2
Other data
Locus	Chr. 20 q13.2-13.3

The G_s alpha subunit (or Gs protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP dependent pathway by activating adenylate cyclase. Researchers have discovered that a change in the location of this protein in the brain could serve as a biomarker for depression, allowing a simple, rapid, laboratory test to identify patients with depression. ^[1]

Contents 1 Receptors 2 Function 3 See also 4 External links 5 References

[edit] Receptors

The G-protein coupled receptors that couple to this kind of G-protein include:

• 5-HT receptors types H₄ and H₇
• ACTH receptor
• Adenosine receptor types A_2a and A_2b
• Arginine vasopressin receptor 2
• β-adrenergic receptors types β₁, β₂ and β₃
• Calcitonin receptor
• Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
• Dopamine receptors D₁-like family (D₁ and D₅)
• FSH-receptor
• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor
• Glucagon receptor
• Histamine H₂ receptor
• Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
• Melanocortin receptor
• Parathyroid hormone receptor 1
• Prostaglandin receptor types D₂ and I₂
• Secretin receptor
• Thyrotropin receptor

[edit] Function

The general function of G_s is to activate adenylate cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Further effects of G_s is thus found in function of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

It provides a step in signal transduction. Amplification of the signal occurs for instance because the receptor activates several G_s. ^[2] However, each G_s activates only one adenylate cyclase.^[2]

[edit] See also

• Second messenger system

[edit] External links

• MeSH G(s)alpha
• MeSH GNAS+protein,+human

v • d • e Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6) 3.6.1 Pyrophosphatase (Inorganic, Thiamine) · Apyrase · Thiamine triphosphatase 3.6.2 Adenylylsulfatase · Phosphoadenylylsulfatase 3.6.3-4: ATPase 3.6.3 Cu++ (3.6.3.4) Menkes/ATP7A · Wilson/ATP7B Ca+ (3.6.3.8) SERCA (ATP2A1, ATP2A2, ATP2A3) · Plasma membrane (ATP2B1, ATP2B2, ATP2B3, ATP2B4) · SPCA (ATP2C1, ATP2C2) Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9) ATP1A1 · ATP1A2 · ATP1A3 · ATP1A4 · ATP1B1 · ATP1B2 · ATP1B3 · ATP1B4 H+/K+ (3.6.3.10) ATP4A Other P-type ATPase ATP8B1 · ATP10A · ATP11B · ATP12A · ATP13A2 · ATP13A3 · 3.6.4 Dynein · Kinesin · Myosin 3.6.5: GTPase 3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein Gαs · Gαi (GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3) · Gαq/11 (GNAQ, GNA11) · Gα12/13 (GNA12, GNA13) · Transducin (GNAT1, GNAT2) 3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily Ras · Rab (Rab27) · Arf (Arf6) · Ran · Rheb · Rho family (RhoA, RhoB, CDC42, Rac1) · Rap 3.6.5.3: Elongation factor Prokaryotic (EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G) · Eukaryotic 3.6.5.5-6: Other Dynamin (is a GTPase, is not a G protein) · Tubulin

[edit] References

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