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A gopher is a small burrowing rodent that comes in many varieties including:

• Pocket gophers of the family Geomyidae, native to North America, also called true gophers ^[1].
• Ground squirrels, of the family Sciuridaes, including Richardson's Ground Squirrel

Gophers weigh about a quarter of a kilo, with the head and body about 15 cm long, a tail of 7 cm and have a 2-3 year lifespan (assuming no diseases or predation). Gophers dig tunnels and subterranean chambers, and are associated with the rodent order, Rodentia. There are over 100 kinds of gophers in America. Gophers can disrupt human plans like commercial agriculture, garden plots, and some landscaping, by their underground activities. This has led to their frequent treatment as pests. In contrast, North American entertainment culture and non-technical literature tends to anthropomorphize gopher characters as "non-threatening".

Gophers create a large community of tunnels with large mounds of dirt at their entrances, frequently referred to as "towns". Adult gophers will frequently stand watch at the entrance to a tunnel and whistle when predators are spotted, causing all the other gophers to run for the safety of the tunnels. A gopher town can easily spread to take over large sections of prairie or mountain meadow and may have a population in the thousands. The resulting destruction of plant life will then leave the area a stretch of denuded dirt. Gophers eat shrubs and other vegetation. Owls occasionaly eat gophers.

The burrowing owl will often live in abandoned gopher tunnels. Unlike gophers, burrowing owls are endangered and are mostly illegal to kill.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] References

1. ^ Wendell's Critter Corner: http://wendell77.blogspot.com/2008/09/gopher-state.html

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