This article is about the children's book Goodnight Moon. For the Shivaree song, see Goodnight Moon (song). For the Rookie of the Year album, see The Goodnight Moon.

Goodnight Moon
Author	Margaret Wise Brown
Illustrator	Clement Hurd
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre(s)	Children's literature
Publisher	Harper
Publication date	1947
Media type	Print
Pages	32
ISBN	0064430170
OCLC Number	299277
Dewey Decimal	[E] 21
LC Classification	PZ7.B8163 Go 1997
Followed by	My World

Goodnight Moon is an American children's book written by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Clement Hurd. It was first published in 1947, and is a highly acclaimed example of a bedtime story. It is about a child saying goodnight to everything around: "Goodnight room. Goodnight moon. Goodnight cow jumping over the moon. Goodnight light, and the red balloon..."

Contents 1 Plot summary 2 Literary significance and reception 3 Allusions and references 3.1 Allusions to other works 3.2 Allusions in other works 4 Film, TV, Music, or theatrical adaptations 5 Publication history 6 Sequels 7 Notes 8 References

[edit] Plot summary

Goodnight Moon is classic children's literature in North America. The text is a poem, written in simple feminine rhyme, describing a bunny's bedtime ritual of saying "goodnight" to various objects in the bunny's bedroom: the telephone, the bunny's dollhouse, the bears, etc.

One aspect of this book is the wealth of detail in the illustrations. Although the entire story takes place in a single room, the careful reader or child will notice numerous details from page to page, including:

• the hands on the two clocks progress from 7 PM to 8:10 PM.
• the young mouse and kittens wander around the room. The mouse is present in all pages showing the room.
• the red balloon hanging over the bed disappears in several of the color plates, then reappears at the end.
• the room lighting grows progressively darker.
• the moon rises in the left-hand window.
• the socks disappear from the drying rack.
• the open book in the bookshelf is The Runaway Bunny.
• the book on the nightstand is Goodnight Moon.
• in the painting of the cow jumping over the moon, the mailbox in the right-hand side of the painting occasionally disappears.
• in the painting of the three bears, the painting hanging in the bears' room is a painting of a cow jumping over the moon.
• the painting of the fly-fishing bunny, which appears only in two color plates, appears to be black and white (or otherwise devoid of color). It is very similar to a picture in the book "The Runaway Bunny".
• the number of books in the bookshelf changes.
• the pendulum of the bedside clock disappears in the final room scene

[edit] Literary significance and reception

Goodnight Moon slowly became a bestseller. Annual sales grew from about 1,500 copies in 1953 to 20,000 in 1970; and by 1990, the total number of copies sold was more than 4 million.^[1]

Author Susan Cooper writes that the book is possibly the only "realistic story" to gain the universal affection of a fairy-tale, although she also noted that it is actually a "deceptively simple ritual" rather than a story.^[2]

Brown bequeathed the royalties to the book to (among many others) Albert Clarke, who was the nine year old son of a neighbor when Brown died. In 2000, reporter Joshua Prager detailed in the Wall Street Journal the troubled life of Mr. Clarke who has squandered the millions of dollars the book has earned him and who believes that Brown was his mother, a claim others dismiss. ^[3]

In 2005, publisher HarperCollins digitally altered the photograph of illustrator Hurd, which had been on the book for at least twenty years, to remove a cigarette.^[4] Kate Jackson, editor in chief for children's books, said "It is potentially a harmful message to very young kids." HarperCollins had the reluctant permission of Hurd's son, Thacher Hurd, but the younger Hurd said the photo of Hurd with his arm and fingers extended, holding nothing, "looks slightly absurd to me." ^[5] HarperCollins has said it will likely replace the picture with a different, unaltered photo of Hurd in future editions. In response, a satirical article demanded the removal of other potentially dangerous objects in the book, such as the fireplace and balloon (a choke hazard for young children).^[6]

The book is also available in French, Spanish, Hebrew, Swedish and Hmong translations.

[edit] Allusions and references

[edit] Allusions to other works

Goodnight Moon contains a number of references to The Runaway Bunny. For example, the painting hanging over the fireplace of "The Cow Jumping Over the Moon" first appeared in The Runaway Bunny. However, when reprinted in Goodnight Moon, the udder "for caution's sake was reduced to an anatomical blur" to avoid the controversy that E.B. White's Stuart Little had undergone when published in 1945 (Making of Goodnight Moon, 21). The other painting in the room, which is never explicitly mentioned in the text, portrays a bunny fly-fishing for another bunny, using a carrot as bait. This picture is also a reference to The Runaway Bunny. The top shelf of the bookshelf holds an open copy of The Runaway Bunny, and there is a copy of Goodnight Moon on the nightstand.

The telephone is mentioned early in the book, but is absent from the litany of 'Goodnight ...' salutations.

[edit] Allusions in other works

The Warner Bros. animated television series Animaniacs featured a segment called "Nighty-Night Toon" (1993) that parodied the book.

The Berkeley Breathed book Goodnight Opus (1996), itself an homage to Goodnight Moon, starts off with the main character, Opus the Penguin, being read Goodnight Moon by a maternal nanny figure while he sits in bed in his pajamas. After the nanny falls asleep while reading, Opus goes on his own journey to say goodnight to all sorts of fanciful beings and animals. In the November 2, 2008, final installment of the weekly Sunday comic Opus, Opus in his "final resting place" is shown to be snugly tucked into the bed on the last page of Goodnight Moon.

In the 1998 film Playing by Heart, Ellen Burstyn's character Mildred recites the final lines of Goodnight Moon to her son Mark (played by Jay Mohr) in his dying moments.

In a Simpsons episode entitled "Insane Clown Poppy" (2000), Marge and Maggie come across Christopher Walken (as voiced by Jay Mohr) reading Goodnight Moon to some children. The children are terrified and carefully back away, to which Walken responds, "Please, children, scootch closer. Don't make me tell you again about the scootching."

Mad Magazine's "Goodnight Room" is a parody inspired by the end of Bill Clinton's presidency that appeared in the magazine's 400th issue (December 2000).^[7]

In the TV series Family Guy, the third-season episode "Screwed the Pooch" (2001) reveals that Stewie Griffin's favorite bedtime story is Goodnight Moon.

In Sesame Street episode 4137 (2007), Oscar the Grouch closes the show by reading a bedtime story to Slimey entitled "Scram Moon."

In the HBO crime drama The Wire (episode "Took" [2008]), detective Shakima Greggs and her ex-lover's son Elijah say "goodnight moon" and proceed to bid good-night to the denizens of inner-city Baltimore in a direct parody of the original.

The book Goodnight Bush (2008), by Erich Origen and Gan Golan, is a parody of the travails of the George W. Bush administration, as well as an allusion to the President and First Lady Laura Bush's affinity for the book as children.

The book Goodnight Goon, by Michael Rex, is a Halloween-themed homage to the original, with a little werewolf settling down to sleep with spiders, bats, gravestones and skulls in a "cold gray tomb." The tone is kept exactly the same as the original, as is the rhythm and rhyme.^[8]

Singer Mark Shultz's song "Everything to Me" (on Broken and Beautiful, 2006) contains the phrase "...reading Good Night Moon..." in the chorus

One episode of the sitcom Dinosaurs opens with Grandma Ethyl reading Baby Sinclair a book called Goodnight Rock with a very similar cover, which follows the same premise of the book (Goodnight rock, goodnight stone, goodnight another rock). Eventually, she throws the book over her shoulder and says, "Goodnight book!"

Detective Comics #853 (2009) mirrors this book; as Bruce (Batman) Wayne "dies," he bids goodnight to various important people and objects in his life, including his enemies and the Bat-Signal.

Author Michael Knight uses the phrase "Goodnight, nobody" as a title for one of his books. This comes from the short story "Keeper of Secrets, Teller of Lies"

In the Desperate Housewives episode Nice is Different Than Good (2009), Lynette Scavo talks about the struggles she has to face with another pregnancy. She refers to Goodnight Moon as being stupid. " No more reading stupid Goodnight Moon"- Lynette

[edit] Film, TV, Music, or theatrical adaptations

In 1999, HBO released Good Night Moon and Other Sleepytime Tales, a set of animations mixed with vignettes of children talking about sleeping and dreaming. "Goodnight Moon" is the first story and is revisited again at the end of the 30-minute special.^[9]

A one-hour children's musical was recently adapted by Chad Henry and premiered in Seattle, Washington followed by a run at the North Shore Music Theatre. It is targeted towards very young children and includes many of the objects from the story such as the bears in chairs and the cow jumping over the moon coming to life.

The Dixie Chicks released a song written by Rodney Foster called "Godspeed (Sweet Dreams)". It references "Goodnight Moon".

In the Wire, Kima Greggs ad libs a version to her son on the windowsill overlooking Baltimore cityscape and he repeats each line. "Goodnight moon, goodnight stars, goodnight po-pos, goodnight fiends, goodnight hoppers, goodnight scammers, goodnight everyone, goodnight one and all."

[edit] Publication history

In addition to multiple octavo and duodecimo paperback editions, Goodnight Moon is available in board book edition, a book whose pages are actually stiff cardboard to make it suitable to give to a very young child, as well as a "jumbo" edition, suitable for use with large groups.

• 1991, USA, HarperFestival ISBN 0694003611, Pub date 30 September 1991, board book
• 1997, USA, HarperCollins ISBN 0060275049, Pub date 28 February 1997, Hardback 50th anniversary edition
• 2007, USA, HarperCollins ISBN 0694003611, Pub date 23 January 2007, Board book 60th anniversary edition

[edit] Sequels

My World, billed as "a companion to Goodnight Moon," and also written by Brown and illustrated by Hurd, was published in 1949.^[10]

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Marcus, Leonard S. Making of Goodnight Moon. New York: HarperTrophy, 1997.