CuZn SOD and GFAP immunoreactivity in the glia limitans of an immature rat brain. Peluffo et al., 2005.^[1]

The Glia limitans, or glial limiting membrane, is the outermost layer of proper nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord, lying directly under the pia mater.

[edit] Structure

It is composed of a dense multilayered meshwork of the processes of astrocytes covered by an outer basal lamina that makes intimate contact with cells of the pia mater. The astrocyte processes that cover the surface (end-feet) are firmly attached to the basal lamina by junctional complexes resembling half punctate adhesions (related to hemidesmosomes, although smaller).^[2] This organization persists as the surface invaginates around arteries and veins that enter the interior from the subarachnoid space. The glial limiting membrane is physically separated from the larger penetrating vessels by the Virchow-Robin spaces, extensions of the subarachnoid space, down to the capillary level where its basal lamina becomes continuous with the capillary basal lamina.^[3]

[edit] Function

The primary function of the glial limiting membrane is structural: it forms a firm, well-defined protective surface for the central nervous system. Astrocyte end-feet continue to form a dense but discontinuous layer surrounding capillaries, and this capillary investment is generally considered to be an extension of the glial limiting membrane. The glia limitans does not form the blood-brain barrier, which is instead a function of tight junctions between endothelial cells that make up the capillary walls, and does not by itself present a barrier to the diffusion of water or low molecular weight solutes.

[edit] References

1. ^ Peluffo H, Acarin L, Faiz M, Castellano B, Gonzalez B (June 2005). "Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression in the postnatal rat brain following an excitotoxic injury". J Neuroinflammation 2 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-2-12. PMID 15929797. PMC 1164430. http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/2/1/12. 
2. ^ Peters, Alan; Palay, Sanford L. and Henry deF. Webster (1991). The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: Neurons and Their Supporting Cells. (3rd edition ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 288, 400–402. ISBN 0-19-506571-9. 
3. ^ Nolte, John (2002). The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy (5th edition ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. p. 89. ISBN 0-323-01320-1. 

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