[edit] Major acts as president

Foreign Policy Actions

• Responding to the September 11, 2001 attacks
  • Declaring the War on Terrorism
    • Waging the Afghanistan War against Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaeda, and the Taliban government
    • Waging the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the Iraq War against Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath Party government
      • U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
  • Establishing prison for terrorism suspects at Guantanamo Bay
  • USA PATRIOT Act
  • Establishing the United States Department of Homeland Security
    • Establishing the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
• President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
• Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement

Economic Policy Actions

• Responding to the Early 2000s recession
  • Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
  • Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
  • Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
• Responding to the Late 2000s recession
  • Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
  • Public Law 110-343
    • Div. A: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
    • Div. B: Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008
    • Div. C: Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008

Domestic Policy Actions

• Education
  • No Child Left Behind Act
• Social Policy
  • Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
  • Establishing the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives
• Other
  • Responding to Hurricane Katrina
  • Creation of Medicare Part D

[edit] State of the Union Addresses

• First inaugural address (20 January 2001)
• Second inaugural address (20 January 2005)
• 2001 address (not officially a State of the Union address) (27 February 2001)
• 2002 State of the Union address (29 January 2002)
• 2003 State of the Union address (28 January 2003)
• 2004 State of the Union address (20 January 2004)
• 2005 State of the Union address (2 February 2005)
• 2006 State of the Union address (31 January 2006)
• 2007 State of the Union address (23 January 2007)
• 2008 State of the Union address (28 January 2008)

[edit] International Treaties Signed

George W. Bush signed several international treaties, including but not limited to:

• SORT (2002) - better known as the Moscow Treaty, the United States and Russia agreed to limit their nuclear arsenal to 1700–2200 operationally deployed warheads each.
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001) [1]
• International Cooperation on Computer Crimes (2001) [2]
• Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) [3]
• Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Pornography (2000) [4]

[edit] Major treaties withdrawn

• ABM Treaty (2002) - limited anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons between the United States and the U.S.S.R.
• United Nations Population Fund (2002) - promoted the human right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

[edit] 2001

• May 26: The 2001 Bush Tax Cuts [HR 1836] (through reconciliation procedure)
• June 7: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
• September 18: Authorization for Use of Military Force
• September 28: United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act
• October 26: USA PATRIOT Act
• November 28: Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act

[edit] 2002

• January 8: No Child Left Behind Act
• March 9: Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
• March 27: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
• May 13: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002^[21]
• July 30: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
• October 16: Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq
• November 25: Homeland Security Act of 2002

[edit] 2003

• March 11: Do-Not-Call Implementation Act
• April 30: PROTECT Act of 2003 (Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act) (see also Age of consent)
• May 23 : The 2003 Bush Tax Cuts [HR 2] (through reconciliation procedure)
• May 27: United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003
• May 28: Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
• September 3: United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
• September 3: United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
• November 5: Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
• December 3: Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
• December 8: Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003
• December 16: Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM)

[edit] 2004

• April 1: Unborn Victims of Violence Act (Laci and Conner’s Law)
• July 17: United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
• August 3: United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act

[edit] 2005

• February 18: Class Action Fairness Act of 2005
• April 20: Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005
• May 11: Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 [HR 4297] (through reconciliation procedure)
• August 2: Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
• August 8: Energy Policy Act of 2005
• August 10: Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2005 (SAFETEA)
• October 26: Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act
• December 21 : The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 [H. Con Res. 95] (through reconciliation procedure)

[edit] 2006

• January 11: United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act
• March 9: USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act
• July 27: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
• August 17: The Pension Protection Act of 2006^[22]
• September 30: Iran Freedom and Support Act
• October 4: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007^[23]
• October 17: Military Commissions Act of 2006
• October 26: Secure Fence Act of 2006

[edit] Legislation vetoed

President Bush vetoed 12 pieces of legislation, four of which were overturned by congress:

• July 19, 2006: Stem Cell Research Enactment Act of 2006
• May 1, 2007: H.R. 1591, U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act of 2007
• June 20, 2007: Stem Cell Research Enactment Act of 2007
• October 3, 2007: State Children's Health Insurance Program Expansion H.R. 976
• November 2, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 1495, Water Resources Development Act of 2007. Overridden by House, 361-54 (277 votes needed). Overridden by Senate, 79-14 (62 needed), and enacted as Pub.L. 110-114 over President's veto.
• November 13, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 3043, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008. Override attempt failed in House, 277-141 (279 votes needed).
• December 12, 2007: Vetoed H.R. 3963, Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007.^[24] Override attempt failed in House, 260-152 (275 votes needed).
• December 28, 2007: Pocket Vetoed H.R. 1585, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008.^[25] A later version of the bill that changed a minor provision of which the President disapproved was quickly passed by Congress (H.R. 4986) and was enacted with the President's approval as Pub.L. 110-181 on January 28, 2008.
• March 8, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 2082, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008.^[26][27] Override attempt failed in House, 225-188.
• May 21, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 2419, 2007 U.S. Farm Bill.^[28][29] Overridden by House, 316-108 (283 votes needed). Overridden by Senate, 82-13 (64 votes needed). Enacted as Pub.L. 110-234 over the President's veto. Due to a clerical error, this act was repealed by Pub.L. 110-246.
• 18 June 2008: Vetoed H.R. 6421, 2007 U.S. Farm Bill, re-passed by Congress to correct a clerical error in HR 2419.^[30][31] Overridden by House, 317-109 (284 votes required). Overridden by Senate, 80-14 (63 votes needed). Enacted as Pub.L. 110-246 over the President's veto.
• July 15, 2008: Vetoed H.R. 6331, Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act.^[32][33] Overridden by House, 383-41 (283 votes required.) Overridden by Senate, 70-26 (64 votes required). Enacted as Pub.L. 110-275 over the President's veto.

[edit] Administration and Cabinet

Cabinet meeting

Bush's Cabinet had included figures that were prominent in past administrations, notably former Secretary of State Colin Powell, who had served as United States National Security Advisor under Ronald Reagan. Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld had served as White House Chief of Staff and Secretary of Defense under Gerald Ford; Rumsfeld's successor, Robert Gates, served as Director of Central Intelligence under George H.W. Bush. Vice President Dick Cheney served as Secretary of Defense under George H. W. Bush.

Bush placed a high value on personal loyalty and, as a result, his administration had high message discipline. He maintained a "hands-off" style of management. "I'm confident in my management style. I'm a delegator because I trust the people I've asked to join the team. I'm willing to delegate. That makes it easier to be President," he said in an interview with Diane Sawyer on ABC in December 2003. Critics allege, however, that Bush is willing to overlook mistakes^[34] made by loyal subordinates.

There was only one non-Republican in Bush's cabinet: Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta, the first Asian American cabinet secretary, who had previously served as Secretary of Commerce under Bill Clinton, is a Democrat. Mineta resigned from Bush's cabinet on July 7, 2006 to pursue "other challenges".^[35] Mary Peters, a Republican, was nominated and confirmed to succeed him as Transportation Secretary. At least one other non-Republican was apparently offered a position in the administration but declined. CNN reported that in the transition to his second term, Bush offered the positions of Ambassador to the United Nations and subsequently Secretary of Homeland Security to Senator Joe Lieberman, then a Democrat and currently an "Independent Democrat".^{[citation needed]}

In 2006, Bush replaced long-time chief of staff Andrew Card with Joshua Bolten and made major staff and cabinet changes with the intention of revitalizing his Administration.^[36]

On November 8, 2006 (the day after the Democrats took back Congress in the midterm elections), Bush announced plans to replace Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with former CIA Director Robert Gates. Gates was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 6 and took office as the 22nd Secretary of Defense on December 18.^[37]

[edit] Cabinet members

[edit] Attorney General

Bush's first Attorney General, John Ashcroft, was politically controversial, but widely viewed as competent. Ashcroft resigned days after Bush's 2004 re-election. Bush's second Attorney General was Alberto Gonzales. In addition to his work on providing guidelines for detainee interrogation methods prior to his appointment,^[38][39] he claimed there was no right to Habeas Corpus.^[40] Michael Mukasey succeeded Gonzales and was the country's 81st Attorney General.

[edit] Labor

Bush's first nomination for Secretary of Labor was Linda Chavez. This nomination came under attack when evidence came to light that she had given money to an illegal immigrant from Guatemala who lived in her home. Chavez claimed that the woman was not an employee and she had merely provided her with emergency assistance due to the domestic abuse the woman had been facing at the time.^[41] Chavez's nomination was withdrawn.

[edit] Energy

Bush's first Secretary of Energy, Spencer Abraham, was controversial at the time of his 2001 appointment because as a senator he co-sponsored S.896, a bill to abolish the United States Department of Energy, in 1999.^[42] Samuel Wright Bodman III, Sc.D. is the United States Secretary of Energy and was previously Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department.

[edit] Homeland Security

When Tom Ridge announced his decision to resign as Secretary of Homeland Security, Bush's first choice to replace him was Bernard Kerik, who served as Police Commissioner of the City of New York during the September 11, 2001 attacks. Kerik's nomination raised controversy when it was discovered that he had previously hired an undocumented worker as a nanny and housekeeper. After a week, Kerik pulled his nomination and Bush went on to nominate Michael Chertoff.^[43]

[edit] Advisors and other officials

• Deputy Secretary of Defense – Paul Wolfowitz (2001–2005), Gordon R. England (2005–2009)
• CIA Director - George Tenet (2001–2004), John E. McLaughlin (acting, 2004), Porter J. Goss (2004–2006), Michael Hayden (2006–2009)
• FBI Director - Louis Freeh (2001), Thomas J. Pickard (acting, 2001), Robert S. Mueller (2001–2009)
• NASA Administrator - Sean O'Keefe (2001–2005), Michael D. Griffin (2005–2009)
• FAA Administrator - Marion Blakey (2002–2007), Robert A. Sturgell (acting) (2007–2009)
• FDA commissioner - Mark McClellan (2002–2004), Lester Crawford (2005), Andrew von Eschenbach (2005–2009)
• National Security Advisor - Condoleezza Rice (2001–2005), Stephen Hadley (2005–2009)
• Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan - Meghan O'Sullivan (?–2007), Douglas Lute (2007–2009)
• Ambassador to the United Nations - John Negroponte (2001–2004), John Danforth (2004); John R. Bolton (2005–2006), Zalmay Khalilzad (2007–2009)
• FCC Chairman - Michael Powell (2001–2005), Kevin Martin (2005–2009)
• White House Deputy Chief of Staff - Joe Hagin (2001–2008), Joshua Bolten (2001–2003), Harriet Miers (2003–2004), Karl Rove (2005–2007), Joel Kaplan (2006–2009)
• Director of National Intelligence - John Negroponte (2005–2007), John Michael McConnell (2007–2009)
• White House Counsel - Alberto R. Gonzales (2001–2005), Harriet Miers (2005–2007), Fred Fielding (2007–2009)
• White House Press Secretary - Ari Fleischer (2001–2003), Scott McClellan (2003–2006), Tony Snow (2006–2007), Dana Perino (2007–2009)
• Assistant to the President – Lewis Libby (2001–2005)
• Advisor - Karen Hughes (2001–2002) Appointed in 2005 to rank of Ambassador and Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the State Department, left that position in 2007.
• Personal aide (body man) - Blake Gottesman (2000–2006)

[edit] Defence force nominations and appointments

• Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – Richard B. Myers (2001 –2005), Peter Pace (2005 –2007), Michael Mullen (2007 –)
• Chief of Staff of the United States Army – Peter Schoomaker (2003–2007), George W. Casey, Jr. (2007 –)
• Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force – John P. Jumper (2001–2005), T. Michael Moseley (2005–2008)
• Chief of Naval Operations – Michael Mullen (2005–2007), Gary Roughead (2007–)

[edit] Supreme Court nominations and appointments

Bush nominated the following people to the Supreme Court of the United States:

• John G. Roberts – 2005, was first nominated for Associate Justice replacing Sandra Day O'Connor; after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush nominated him for the position of Chief Justice. Confirmed: 78–22
• Harriet Miers – 2005, was nominated upon the elevation of John G. Roberts as the Chief Justice. Her nomination was later withdrawn.
• Samuel Alito – 2006, nominated in 2005 upon the withdrawal of Harriet Miers. Confirmed: 58-42

[edit] Court of Appeals nominations and appointments

[edit] Federal Reserve appointment

On October 24, 2005, Bush nominated Ben Bernanke to succeed Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Federal Reserve. The Senate Banking Committee recommended Bernanke's confirmation by a 13-1 voice vote on November 16, 2005. With the full Senate's approval on January 31, 2006 by another voice vote, Bernanke was sworn in on February 1, 2006.

[edit] First term (2001–2005)

[edit] Second term (2005–2009)

[edit] Political philosophy

The guiding political philosophy of the Bush administration has been termed neoconservative. The specific elements of neoconservative leadership have been itemized in policy papers by leading members of the Project for a New American Century, and is represented in the editorial perspective of the political journal the Weekly Standard. Administration officials chosen from the membership of the Project for a New American Century (PNAC) began with the selection of the candidate for vice president, Dick Cheney. Others included Richard Armitage, Zalmay Khalilzad, Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Richard Perle, former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and Paul Wolfowitz.

In 1998, members of the PNAC, including Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz, wrote to President Bill Clinton urging him to remove Saddam Hussein from power using US diplomatic, political and military power.

In September 2000, the PNAC issued a report entitled Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategies, Forces, and Resources For A New Century, proceeding "from the belief that America should seek to preserve and extend its position of global leadership by maintaining the preeminence of U.S. military forces." The group stated that when diplomacy or sanctions fail, the United States must be prepared to take military action. The PNAC argued that the Cold War deployment of forces was obsolete. Defense spending and force deployment must reflect the post-Cold War duties that US forces are obligated to perform. Constabulary duties such as peacekeeping in the Balkans and the enforcement of the No Fly Zones in Iraq put a strain upon, and reduced the readiness of US forces. The PNAC recommended the forward redeployment of US forces at new strategically placed permanent military bases in Southeast Europe and Southeast Asia. Permanent bases would ease the strain on US forces, allowing readiness to be maintained and the carrier fleet to be reduced. Furthermore, PNAC advocated that the US-globalized military should be enlarged, equipped and restructured for the "constabulary" roles associated with shaping the security in critical regions of the world.^[44]

[edit] Environmental record

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Cabinet meeting

George W. Bush’s environmental record began with promises as a presidential candidate to clean up power plants and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In a speech on September 29, 2000 in Saginaw, Michigan, Bush pledged to commit two billion dollars to the funding of clean coal technology research. In the same speech, he also promised to work with Congress, environmental groups and the energy industry to require a reduction of the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury and carbon dioxide into the environment within a “reasonable period of time.”^[45] He would later reverse his position on that specific campaign pledge in March 2001 in a letter to Nebraska senator Chuck Hagel, stating that carbon dioxide was not considered a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, and that restricting carbon dioxide emissions would lead to higher energy prices.^[46]

In 2001, Bush appointed Philip A. Cooney, a former lobbyist for the American Petroleum Institute, to the White House Council on Environmental Equality. Cooney is known to have edited government climate reports in order to minimize the findings of scientific sources tying greenhouse gas emissions to global warming.^[47]

In March 2001, the Bush administration announced that it would not implement the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty signed in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan that would require nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, claiming that ratifying the treaty would create economic setbacks in the U.S. and does not put enough pressure to limit emissions from developing nations.^[48] In February 2002, Bush announced his alternative to the Kyoto Protocol, by bringing forth a plan to reduce the intensity of greenhouse gasses by 18 percent over 10 years. The intensity of greenhouse gasses specifically is the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions and economic output, meaning that under this plan, emissions would still continue to grow, but at a slower pace. Bush stated that this plan would prevent the release of 500 million metric tons of greenhouse gases, which is about the equivalent of 70 million cars from the road. This target would achieve this goal by providing tax credits to businesses that use renewable energy sources.^[49]

In late November 2002, the Bush Administration released proposed rule changes that would lead to increased logging of federal forests for commercial or recreational activities by giving local forest managers the ability to open up the forests to development without requiring environmental impact assessments and without specific standards to maintain local fish and wildlife populations. The proposed changes would affect roughly 192,000,000 acres (780,000 km²) of US forests and grasslands. Administration officials claimed the changes were appropriate because existing rules, which were approved by the Clinton administration two months before Bush took office, were unclear.^[50]

In November 2004, Bush administration officials asked the United Nations to allow US industries to use an additional 458 tons of methyl bromide, an ozone-destroying pesticide that was slated for elimination by the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The additional increase request brings the US’s total exemption for the year 2005 to 9,400 metric tons of methyl bromide, more than all other nations’ requests combined, and well over the 7,674 metric tons used by US agribusiness in 2002.^[51]

In January 2004, Interior Secretary Gale Norton approved a move to open nearly 9,000,000 acres (36,000 km²) of Alaska's North Slope to oil and gas development, citing claims from the energy industry that nearly 13 billion barrels (2.1×10⁹ m³) of oil could be extracted from the region. The North Slope neighbor's the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, a sanctuary and habitat for migratory birds, whales, seals and other wildlife. Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey, however, estimate that less than one-third of the reported 13 billion barrels (2.1×10⁹ m³) is economically recoverable in the entire 23,500,000-acre (95,000 km²) National Petroleum Reserve.^[52]

In July 2005 the Environmental Protection Agency decided to delay the release of an annual report on fuel economy. The report shows that automakers have taken advantage of loopholes in US fuel economy regulations to manufacture vehicles that are less fuel-efficient than they were in the late 1980s. Fuel-efficiency had on average dropped six percent during that period, from 22.1 miles per gallon to 20.8 mpg. Evidence suggests that the administration’s decision to delay the report’s release was because of its potential to affect Congress’s upcoming final vote on an energy bill six years in the making, which turned a blind eye to fuel economy regulations.^[53]

In May 2006, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) allegedly blocked release of a report that suggested global warming had been a contributor to the frequency and strength of hurricanes in recent years. In February, NOAA (part of the Department of Commerce) set up a seven-member panel of climate scientists to compile the report. The panel’s chair, Ants Leema, received an e-mail from a Commerce Department official asking for the report to not be released as it needed to be made “less technical.”^[54] NOAA would later go on to say that the report was not released because it “was not complete” and was in reality not a report, but a “two-page fact sheet about the issue.”^[55]

[edit] Legacy

In 2006, 744 professional historians surveyed by New York-based Siena College regarded Bush's presidency as follows: Great: 2%; Near Great: 5%; Average: 11%; Below Average: 24%; Failure: 58%. Thomas Kelly, professor emeritus of American studies at Siena College, said that "In this case, current public opinion polls actually seem to cut the President more slack than the experts do." Similar outcomes were retrieved by two informal surveys done by the History News Network in 2004 and 2008.

Proponents may argue that accomplishments such as the President's AIDS program, reform of education by the federal government with the No Child Left Behind Act, no more foreign terrorist attacks on American soil after the September 11th attacks, the creation of Medicare Part D, and sending 29 million African children to school will allow Bush to have a positive legacy. Critics may argue that the economic crisis of 2008, the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, his response to Hurricane Katrina, the ballooning deficit, the planning of the Iraq War, handling of the Guantanamo Bay detainees and other terror suspects, and calls by Democrats for possible investigation and prosecution for war crimes committed under his name will leave him as one of the worst Presidents ever.^[56] In response to a question on his popularity, Bush remarked "I know I gave it my all for eight years, and I did not sell my soul for the sake of popularity. And so when I get back home and look in the mirror, I will be proud of what I see."^[57]

On January 15, 2009, Bush gave a nationally televised farewell address in the East Room of the White House. He defended many of his decisions and cited the fact that he had kept the country safe since September 11, 2001 as a major accomplishment. Bush stated that "I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind. I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right." He also said that the United States must continue promoting human liberty, human rights, and human dignity around the world. One of his final lines was "We have faced danger and trial, and there's more ahead. But with the courage of our people and confidence in our ideals, this great nation will never tire, never falter and never fail."^[58][59]

[edit] See also

• George W. Bush's first term to second term cabinet reorganization
• Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration

[edit] References

[edit] Sources

• George W. Bush Administration Appointee Directory (Archived)
• George W. Bush Administration Nominations by Name or Date (Archived)

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v • d • e Cabinet of President George W. Bush (2001–2009)   Cabinet Secretary of State Colin Powell (2001–2005) • Condoleezza Rice (2005–2009) Secretary of the Treasury Paul O'Neill (2001–2002) • John Snow (2003–2006) • Henry Paulson (2006–2009) Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld (2001–2006) • Robert Gates (2006–2009) Attorney General John Ashcroft (2001–2005) • Alberto Gonzales (2005–2007) • Michael Mukasey (2007–2009) Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton (2001–2006) • Dirk Kempthorne (2006–2009) Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman (2001–2005) • Mike Johanns (2005–2007) • Ed Schafer (2008–2009) Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans (2001–2005) • Carlos Gutierrez (2005–2009) Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao (2001–2009) Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson (2001–2005) • Mike Leavitt (2005–2009) Secretary of Education Rod Paige (2001–2005) • Margaret Spellings (2005–2009) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Mel Martinez (2001–2003) • Alphonso Jackson (2003–2008) • Steve Preston (2008–2009) Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta (2001–2006) • Mary Peters (2006–2009) Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham (2001–2005) • Samuel Bodman (2005–2009) Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony Principi (2001–2005) • Jim Nicholson (2005–2007) • James Peake (2007–2009) Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge (2003–2005) • Michael Chertoff (2005–2009)   Cabinet-level Vice President Dick Cheney (2001–2009) White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card (2001–2006) • Joshua Bolten (2006–2009) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Christine Whitman (2001–2003) • Mike Leavitt (2003–2005) • Stephen Johnson (2005–2009) Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mitch Daniels (2001–2003) • Joshua Bolten (2003–2006) • Rob Portman (2006–2007) • Jim Nussle (2007–2009) Director of National Drug Control Policy John Walters (2001–2009) Trade Representative Robert Zoellick (2001–2005) • Rob Portman (2005–2006) • Susan Schwab (2006–2009) Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency Joe Allbaugh (2001–2003)