| Ganden Tripa |
| Tibetan name |
| Tibetan | དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ་ |
| Transliterations | | - Wylie | dga' ldan khri pa | |
The Ganden Tripa or Gaden Tripa (tib. dGa’-ldan Khri-pa) ("Holder of the Ganden Throne") is the title of the spiritual leader of the Gelug (Dge-lugs) school of Tibetan Buddhism, the school which controlled central Tibet from the mid-1600s until 1950s. He is identical with the respective abbot of Ganden Monastery. The present head of the Gelugpa order is Khensur Lungri Namgyal, the 101st Ganden Tripa and not, as is often misunderstood, the Dalai Lama.[1]
The Ganden Tripa is an appointed office, not a reincarnation lineage. It is awarded on the basis of competitive examination. Since the position is held for only a 7-year term,[2] there have been many more Ganden Tripas than Dalai Lamas to date (101 as against 14).
Either Tsongkapa (Tsong-ka-pa) (1357–1419), who founded the Gelug sect, or his successor, Gyaltsab Je (Rgyal-tshab-rje), may be considered to have been the first Ganden Tripa. (After Tsongkhapa's passing, his teachings were held and kept by Gyaltsab Je and Khedrub Je who were the next abbots of Ganden monastery. The lineage has been held by the Ganden Tripas–the throne-holders of Ganden Monastery.)
In January 2003, the Government of Tibet in Exile announced the nomination of the 101st Ganden Tripa. An excerpt from that press release gives his background:
The 101st Ganden Tripa, the Venerable Khensur Lungri Namgyel rinpoche was born in 1927 in Kham (eastern Tibet). Ordained at eight years old, after fifty years of meditative practices and studies he was elevated by H.H. the Dalai-lama as successively abbot of Gyutö Tantric College (in 1983), and as abbot of Ganden Shartse Monastic University (in 1992). In 1986 he was the special envoy of H.H. the Dalai-lama to the ecumenical meetings of Assisi in Italy convened by H.H. the Pope John Paul II. He is a French national and has been living in Paris, France for more than 20 years. He transmits the Buddhist teachings of his lineage in a Dharma Center, Thar Deu Ling[3] which he founded in 1980.[4]
The 100th Ganden Tripa, Venerable Lobsang Nyingma Rinpoche,[5] has since retired and now resides at Dharamsala together with the 14th Dalai Lama.
[edit] List of Ganden Tripas
| # | name | biographical data | tenure | Wylie transliteration | further titles |
| 1. | Tsongkhapa, Lobsang Dragpa | 1357–1419 | 1409–1419 | tsong kha pa, blo bzang grags pa | Je Rinpoche (rje rin po che) |
| 2. | Dharma Rinchen | 1364–1432 | 1419–1431 | dar ma rin chen | Gyeltshab Je (rgyal tshab rje) |
| 3. | Khedrub Geleg Pelsang | 1385–1438 | 1431–1438 | mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang | 1. Penchen Lama |
| 4. | Shalu Lochen Legpa Gyeltshen | 1375–1450 | 1438–1450 | zhwa lu lo chen legs pa rgyal mtshan | – |
| 5. | Lodrö Chökyong | 1389–1463 | 1450–1463 | blo gros chos skyong | – |
| 6. | Chökyi Gyeltshen | 1402–1473 | 1463–1473 | chos kyi rgyal mtshan | 1. Tatsak Rinpoche (rta tshag rin po che) |
| 7. | Lodrö Tenpa | 1402–1476 | 1473–1476(79) | blo gros brtan pa | – |
| 8. | Mönlam Legpa Lodrö | 1414–1491 | 1480–1489 | smon lam legs pa'i blo gros | – |
| 9. | Lobsang Nyima | 1439–1492 | 1490–1492 | blo bzang nyi ma | – |
| 10. | Yeshe Sangpo | 1415–1498 | 1492–1498 | ye shes bzang po | – |
| 11. | Lobsang Dragpa | 1422/1429–1511 | 1499–1511 | blo bzang grags pa | – |
| 12. | Jamyang Legpa Lodrö | 1450–1530 | 1511–1516 | jam dbyangs legs pa'i blo gros | – |
| 13. | Chökyi Shenyen (Dharmamitra) | 1453–1540 | 1516–1521 | chos kyi bshes gnyen | – |
| 14. | Rinchen Öser | 1453–1540 | 1522–1528 | rin chen 'od zer | – |
| 15. | Penchen Sönam Dragpa | 1478–1554 | 1529–1535 | pan chen bsod nams grags pa | (gzims khang gong ma) |
| 16. | Chökyong Gyatsho | 1473–1539 | 1534–1539 | chos skyong rgya mtsho | 4. Lab Kyabgön (lab skyabs mgon) |
| 17. | Dorje Sangpo | 1491–1554 | 1539–1546 | rdo rje bzang po | – |
| 18. | Gyeltshen Sangpo | 1497–1548 | 1546–1548 | rgyal mtshan bzang po | – |
| 19. | Ngawang Chödrag | 1501–1551/1552 | 1548–1552 | ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 20. | Chödrag Sangpo | 1493–1559 | 1552–1559 | chos grags bzang po | – |
| 21. | Geleg Pelsang | 1505–1567 | 1559–1565 | dge legs dpal bzang | – |
| 22. | Gendün Tenpe Dargye | 1493–1568 | 1565–1568 | dge 'dun bstan pa dar rgyas | – |
| 23. | Tsheten Gyatsho | 1520–1576 | 1568–1575 | tshe brtan rgya mtsho | – |
| 24. | Champa Gyatsho | 1516–1590 | 1575–1582 | byams pa rgya mtsho | – |
| 25. | Peljor Gyatsho | 1526–1599 | 1582–? | dpal 'byor rgya mtsho | – |
| # | name | biographical data | tenure | Wylie transliteration | further titles |
| 26. | Damchö Pelbar | 1523/1546–1599 | 1589–1596 | dam chos dpal 'bar | – |
| 27. | Sangye Rinchen | 1540–1612 | 1596–1603 | sangs rgyas rin chen | – |
| 28. | Gendün Gyeltshen | 1532–1605/1607 | 1603–? | dge 'dun rgyal mtshan | – |
| 29. | Shenyen Dragpa | 1545–1615 | 1607–1615 | bshes gnyen grags pa | – |
| 30. | Lodrö Gyatsho | 1546–1618 | 1615–1618 | blo gros rgya mtsho | 5. Lab Kyabgön |
| 31. | Damchö Pelsang | 1546–1620 | 1618–1620 | dam chos dpal bzang | – |
| 32. | Tshülthrim Chöphel | 1561–1623 | 1620–1623 | tshul khrims chos 'phel | – |
| 33. | Dragpa Gyatsho | 1555–1627 | 1623–1627 | grags pa rgya mtsho | – |
| 34. | Ngawang Chökyi Gyeltshen | 1571/1575–1625/1629 | 1623, 1627/1628(?) | ngag dbang chos kyi rgyal mtshan | – |
| 35. | Könchog Chöphel | 1573–1644 | 1626–1637 | dkon mchog chos 'phel | – |
| 36. | Tendzin Legshe | ?–1664 | 1638? | bstan 'dzin legs bshad | – |
| 37. | Gendün Rinchen Gyeltshen | 1571–1642 | 1638–1642 | dge 'dun rin chen rgyal mtshan | – |
| 38. | Tenpe Gyeltshen | ?–1647 | 1643–1647 | bstan pa rgyal mtshan | – |
| 39. | Könchog Chösang | ?–1672/1673 | 1644(?)/1648–1654 | dkon mchog chos bzang | – |
| 40. | Pelden Gyeltshen | 1601–1674 | 1651/1654/1655–1662 | dpal ldan rgyal mtshan | – |
| 41. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | 1599/1600–1672 | 1658/1662–1668 | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 42. | Lobsang Dönyö | 1602–1678 | 1668–1675 | blo bzang don yod | Namdak Dorje |
| 43. | Champa Trashi | 1618–1684 | 1675–1681 | byams pa bkra shis | – |
| 44. | Ngawang Lodrö Gyatsho | 1635–1688 | 1682–1685 | ngag dbang blo gros rgya mtsho | – |
| 45. | Tshülthrim Dargye | 1632–? | 1685/1695–1692/1699 | tshul khrims dar rgyas | – |
| 46. | Ngawang Pelsang | 1629–1695 | ? | ngag dbang dpal bzang | Chinpa Gyatsho |
| 47. | Lobsang Chöphel | * 17. Jh. | 1699–1701 | blo bzang chos 'phel | – |
| 48. | Döndrub Gyatsho | * 17. Jh. | 1702–1708 | don grub rgya mtsho | – |
| 49. | Lobsang Dargye | * 17. Jh. | 1708–1715 | blo bzang dar rgyas | – |
| 50. | Gendün Phüntshog | ?–1724 | 1715–1722 | dge 'dun phun tshogs | – |
| # | name | biographical data | tenure | Wylie transliteration | further titles |
| 51. | Pelden Dragpa | ?–1729 | 1722–1729 | dpal ldan grags pa | 1. hor tshang gser khri |
| 52. | Ngawang Tshephel | 1668–1734 | 1730–1732 | ngag dbang tshe 'phel | – |
| 53. | Gyeltshen Sengge | 1678–1756 | 1732–1739 | rgyal mtshan seng ge | 1. gtsos khri sprul |
| 54. | Ngawang Chogden | 1677–1751 | 1739–1746 | ngag dbang mchog ldan | 1. Reting Rinpoche (rwa sgreng) |
| 55. | Ngawang Namkha Sangpo | 1690–1749/1750 | 1746–1749/1750 | ngag dbang nam mkha' bzang po | 1. Shingsa Rinpoche (shing bza' ) |
| 56. | Lobsang Drimed | 1683–? | 1750–1757 | blo bzang dri med | – |
| 57. | Samten Phüntshog | 1703–1770 | 1757–1764 | bsam gtan phun tshogs | – |
| 58. | Chakyung Ngawang Chödrag | 1707–1778 | 1764–1778? | bya khyung ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 59. | Chusang Ngawang Chödrag | 1710–1772 | 1771–1772? | chu bzang ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 60. | Lobsang Tenpa | 1725–? | 6 Jahre | blo bzang bstan pa | – |
| 61. | Ngawang Tshülthrim | 1721–1791 | 1778–1785 | ngag dbang tshul khrims | 1. Tshemon Ling (tshe smon gling) |
| 62. | Lobsang Mönlam | 1729–1798 | 1785–1793 | blo bzang smon lam | – |
| 63. | Lobsang Khechog | 1736–1792 | 1792 (6 Monate) | blo bzang mkhas mchog | – |
| 64. | Lobsang Trashi | 1739–1801 | 1794–1801 | blo bzang bkra shis | – |
| 65. | Gendün Tshülthrim | 1744–1807 | ? | dge 'dun tshul khrims | – |
| 66. | Ngawang Sanggye | 1746–1824 | 1807–1814 | ngag dbang snyan grags | – |
| 67. | Jamyang Mönlam | 1750–1814/1817 | 1814 (3 Monate) | 'jam dbyangs smon lam | – |
| 68. | Lobsang Geleg | 1757–1816 | 1815–1816 | blo bzang dge legs | – |
| 69. | Changchub Chöphel | 1756–1838 | 1816–1822 | byang chub chos 'phel | – Yongzin Trijang Dorje Chang |
| 70. | Ngawang Chöphel | 1760–1839 | 1822–1828 | ngag dbang chos 'phel | stag brag pandi ta, 1.stag brag |
| 71. | Yeshe Thardo | 1756–1829/1830 | 1829–1830 | ye shes thar 'dod | – |
| 72. | Jampel Tshülthrim | * 19. Jh. | 1831–1837 | 'jam dpal tshul khrims | 1. khams lung |
| 73. | Ngawang Jampel Tshülthrim Gyatsho | 1792–1862/1864 | 1837–1843 | ngag dbang 'jam dpal tshul khrims rgya mtsho | 2. Tshemon Ling |
| 74. | Lobsang Lhündrub | * 18. Jh. | ? | blo bzang lhun grub | – |
| 75. | Ngawang Lungtog Yönten Gyatsho | * 19 Jh.–1853? | 1850–1853 | ngag dbang lung rtogs yon tan rgya mtsho | – |
[edit] 76–101
| # | name | biographical data | tenure | Wylie transliteration | further titles |
| 76. | Lobsang Khyenrab Wangchug | ?–1872 | 1853–1870 | blo bzang mkhyen rab dbang phyug | – |
| 77. | Tshülthrim Dargye | ? | 1859?–1864? | tshul khrims dar rgyas | – |
| 78. | Jamyang Damchö | * 19. Jh. | 1864?–1869? | jam dbyangs dam chos | – |
| 79. | Lobsang Chinpa | * 19. Jh. | 1869?–1874? | blo bzang sbyin pa | – |
| 80. | Dragpa Döndrub | * 19. Jh. | 1874?–1879? | grags pa don grub | – |
| 81. | Ngawang Norbu | * 19. Jh. | 1879?–1884? | ngag dbang nor bu | – |
| 82. | Yeshe Chöphel | * 19. Jh. | 1884?–1889? | ye shes chos 'phel | – |
| 83. | Changchub Namkha | * 19. Jh. | 1889?–1894? | byang chub nam mkha' | – |
| 84. | Lobsang Tshülthrim | * 19. Jh. | 1894?–1899? | blo bzang tshul khrims | – |
| 85. | Lobsang Tshülthrim Pelden | 1839–1899/1900 | 1896–1899/1900 | blo bzang tshul khrims dpal ldan | – Yongzin Trijang Dorje Chang |
| 86. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | 1840–? | 1900–1907? | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 87. | Ngawang Lobsang Tenpe Gyeltshen | 1844–1919 | 1907–1914 | ngag dbang blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan | 3. Tshemon Ling |
| 88. | Khyenrab Yönten Gyatsho | * 19. Jh. | 1914?–1919 | mkhyen rab yon tan rgya mtsho | Drigungpa Khyenrab Yönten |
| 89. | Lobsang Sanggye Gyatsho | * 19. Jh. | 1919?–1924? | blo bzang snyan grags rgya mtsho | – |
| 90. | Champa Chödrag | 1876–1937/1947 | 1920/1921–1926 | byams pa chos grags | – |
| 91. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | ?–1932 | 1927–1932 | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 92. | Thubten Nyinche | ?–1933? | 1933 | thub bstan nyin byed | 1. gtsang pa khri sprul |
| 93. | Yeshe Wangden | * 19. Jh. | 1933–1939 | ye shes dbang ldan | 1. mi nyag khri sprul |
| 94. | Lhündrub Tsöndrü | ?–1949 | 1940–1946 | lhun grub brtson 'grus | Shangpa Lhündrub Tsöndrü |
| 95. | Trashi Tongthün | * 19. Jh. | 1947–1953 | bkra shis stong thun | – |
| 96. | Thubten Künga | 1891–1964 | 1954/1958–1964 | thub bstan kun dga | – |
| 97. | Thubten Lungtog Tendzin Thrinle | 1903–1983 | 1965– | thub bstan lung rtogs bstan 'dzin 'phrin las | Yongdzin Ling Rinpoche[6] |
| 98. | Jampel Shenpen | 1919–1988/1989? | ? | 'jam dpal gzhan phan | – |
| 99. | Yeshe Dönden[7] | ?–1995 | ? | ye shes don ldan | – |
| 100. | Lobsang Nyima Rinpoche | * 1928 | 1995–2003 | blo bzang nyi ma | – |
| 101. | Khensur Lungri Namgyel | * 1927 | 2003–2009 | lung rig rnam rgyal | 2. ri rdzong sras sprul |
| 102. | Thubten Nyima Lungtok Tenzin Norbu | * 1937 | 2009- | thub bstan nyi ma lung rtogs bstan 'dzin nor bu | Rizong Sras Rinpoche |
- ^ Powers, John. "Gelukpa Tibetan Buddhism" entry in Melton, J. Gordon, and Martin Baumann. 2002. Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. p. 533.
- ^ A Brief History of Ganden Monastery by Alexander Berzin. retrieved 2009-10-15.
- ^ Thar Deu Ling Official Website (in French)
- ^ Nomination of the 101st Ganden Tripa, supreme head of the Gelugpa lineage, World Tibet Network News, Wednesday, January 22, 2003
- ^ His Eminence Lobsang Nyima, the 100th Gaden Throne Holder
- ^ Pabongkha Rinpoche by Buddhist International Alliance.
- ^ Kagyu Office website