Fournier gangrene
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	N49.8 (ILDS N49.81), N76.8
ICD-9	608.83
DiseasesDB	31119
eMedicine	emerg/929 med/2814
MeSH	D018934

Fournier gangrene is a type of necrotizing infection or gangrene usually affecting the male genitals.

It was first described by Baurienne in 1764 and is named after a French venereologist, Jean-Alfred Fournier following five cases he presented in clinical lectures in 1883.

Contents 1 Etiology 2 Incidence 3 Treatment 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Etiology

In the majority of cases Fournier gangrene is a mixed infection caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.^[1]

[edit] Incidence

Only 600 cases of Fournier gangrene were reported in the world literature in the ten years since 1996, with most patients in their 60s or 70s with other concurrent illnesses.^[2] However, Fournier's gangrene is not a reportable illness, and the condition is not uncommon, especially among diabetic individuals. A similar infection in women has been occasionally described.^[3]

In Turkey it was reported that 46% of patients had diabetes mellitus^[4] whilst other studies have identified approximately a third of patients having either diabetes, alcoholism or malnutrition, and 10% having medical immunosuppression (chemotherapy, steroids, malignancy).^[5]

[edit] Treatment

Fournier gangrene is a urological emergency requiring intravenous antibiotics and debridement (surgical removal) of necrotic (dead) tissue. In addition to surgery and antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is used and acts to inhibit the growth of and kill the anaerobic bacteria.^[6] Despite such measures, the mortality rate overall is 40%, but 78% if sepsis is already present at the time of initial hospital admission.^[4]

The most historically prominent sufferers from this condition may have been Herod the Great, his grandson Herod Agrippa, and possibly the Roman emperor Galerius. Puerto Rican abolitionist and pro-independence leader Segundo Ruiz Belvis died from Fournier gangrene in 1868.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Fournier gangrene and Jean Alfred Fournier at Who Named It?

v • d • e Diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N40-N99, 600-629) Female Adnexa Ovary Oophoritis · Ovarian cyst (Follicular cyst of ovary, Corpus luteum cyst, Chocolate cyst of ovary) · Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome · Anovulation · Mittelschmerz Fallopian tube Salpingitis · Hydrosalpinx · Hematosalpinx Parametrium Parametritis Uterus Endometrium: Endometriosis (Adenomyosis) · Endometrial polyp menstruation: flow (Amenorrhoea, Hypomenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea) · timing (Menorrhagia, Menometrorrhagia, Metrorrhagia) · pain (Dysmenorrhea) Hematometra · Retroverted uterus · Asherman's syndrome Cervix Cervicitis · Cervical polyp · Nabothian cyst · Cervical incompetence Vagina Vaginitis (Bacterial vaginosis, Atrophic vaginitis, Candidal vulvovaginitis) · Leukorrhea · Hematocolpos/Hydrocolpos Sexual dysfunction (Dyspareunia, Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual arousal disorder, Vaginismus) Prolapse (Cystocele, Rectocele, Urethrocele) · Fistulae (Vesicovaginal, Rectovaginal) Vaginal discharge Vulva Vulvitis · Bartholin's cyst Clitoral hood or Clitoris Clitoral phimosis · Clitorism Other/general Pelvic inflammatory disease · Female infertility (Habitual abortion) Male Testicular Orchitis · Hydrocele testis · Testicular torsion · Male infertility (Azoospermia, Oligospermia) Epididymis Epididymitis · Spermatocele · Hematocele Prostate Prostatitis (Acute prostatitis, Chronic bacterial prostatitis, Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome) · Benign prostatic hyperplasia Penis Balanoposthitis/Balanitis · Phimosis · Priapism · Sexual dysfunction (Erectile dysfunction) · Peyronie's disease · Penile fracture Other Hematospermia · Retrograde ejaculation reproductive system navs: anat female,male/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc