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Find Yoga Classes in Portugal - Portugal Yoga - Yoga in Portugal yogafinder.com | Os implantes dentários Portugal | Implantes Dentista Portugal |... scientificdentalclinic.co... | Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) ssrsi.org | elected member of Council on Foreign Relations... cidrapsummit.org |
Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in the Age of Discovery and the holder of the now defunct Portuguese Empire. Portugal is a European Union member state and a founding member of NATO. The country could be defined as a committed proponent of European integration and transatlantic relations. Luís Amado is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
[edit] HistoricalHistorically the focus of Portuguese diplomacy has been to preserve its independence vis-à-vis the danger of annexation by Spain and the maintenance of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance which officially came into being in 1386 and, with the United Kingdom as a successor to England, which is still in place today. Other goals have also been constant such as the political stability of the Iberian peninsula and the affirmation of Portuguese interests in Europe and the Atlantic (also in the Indian and Pacific oceans throughout different moments in history). [edit] International organizationsPortugal was a founding member of NATO (1949), OECD (1961) and EFTA (1960); it left the latter in 1986 to join the European Economic Community, that would become the European Union in 1993. In 1996 it co-founded the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). The country is a member state of the United Nations since 1955. Recently the primacy of the USA and inter-governmental organizations such as NATO and the UN have also been paramount in the affirmation of Portugal abroad. Portugal has been a significant beneficiary of the European Union (EU). It was among the top beneficiaries of the EU-15 between 1995 and 2004 (only behind Spain and Greece in absolut terms, and behind Ireland and Greece in a per capita basis).[1] Portugal is a proponent of European integration and held the presidency of the European Union for the second time during the first half of 2000, and again in the second half of 2007. Portugal used its term to launch a dialogue between the EU and Africa and to begin to take steps to make the European economy dynamic and competitive. In 2002, the Euro began to circulate as Portugal's currency. José Sócrates as Prime Minister of Portugal, presided over the rotative Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the period July-December 2007. [1] In this post, Sócrates and his team focused on the EU-Brazil (1st EU-Brazil summit) and EU-African Union (2007 Africa-EU Summit) relations, as well as in the approval of the Treaty of Lisbon. Portugal was a founding member of NATO; it is an active member of the alliance by, for example, contributing proportionally large contingents in Balkans peacekeeping forces. Portugal proposed the creation of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) to improve its ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries. Additionally, Portugal has participated, along with Spain, in a series of Ibero-American Summit. Portugal held the chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for the year 2002. The chairman-in-office was Portuguese Foreign Minister António Martins da Cruz. [edit] DisputesPortugal holds claim to the disputed territory of Olivença in the Portuguese-Spanish border. [edit] Europe[edit] BulgariaMain article: Bulgaria–Portugal relations
[edit] CroatiaFurther information: Foreign relations of Croatia [edit] CyprusFurther information: Foreign relations of Cyprus [edit] DenmarkFurther information: Foreign relations of Denmark [edit] EstoniaFurther information: Foreign relations of Estonia [edit] FinlandFurther information: Foreign relations of Finland [edit] FrancePortuguese links to France have also remained very strong and the country is considered one of Portugal's main political partners. [edit] GreeceFurther information: Foreign relations of Greece [edit] HungaryFurther information: Foreign relations of Hungary [edit] IrelandFurther information: Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland [edit] KosovoMain article: Kosovan–Portuguese relations Portugal recognized Kosovo on 7 October 2008.[5][6][7] Kosovo has formally announced its decision to open an embassy in Lisbon.[8] [edit] MaltaMain article: Malta–Portugal relations
[edit] Romania
[edit] RussiaMain article: Portugal–Russia relations
[edit] SerbiaMain article: Portugal–Serbia relations Portugal established diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Serbia in October 19, 1917.[13] Relations continued with the successor Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Portuguese recognized the government in exile of this state after the German occupation of 1941.[14] Relations with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which took power in 1945 after World War II were only established in 1974 after the Portuguese Carnation Revolution.[15] Following the dissolution of the SFR of Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars, Portugal maintained relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, later reconstituted as Serbia and Montenegro and finally as the Republic of Serbia after Montenegro declared its independence in July 2006.[16] Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.[16] In April 1999, Portugal participated in the NATO bombing of Serbia from the Aviano air base in Italy.[17] Portugal also provided troops as part of NATO peacekeeping efforts in the breakaway Serbian province of Kosovo in 1999.[18] In April 1999 Serbia filed a complaint with the International Court of Justice regarding Portugal's use of force in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[19] As of 2007, Portugal still had about 300 troops in Kosovo.[20]
In the January-October 2006 period bilateral trade between Serbia and Portugal were estimated at US$12.7 million.[16] [edit] SpainMain article: Portugal–Spain relations Historically the two states were long-standing enemies, but in recent years they have enjoyed a much friendlier relationship and in 1986 they entered the European Union together. [edit] TurkeyMain article: Portuguese–Turkish relations Turkey's 161 years of political relations with Portugal date back to the Ottoman period when Vikont de Sexial was appointed as an envoy to Istanbul. Diplomatic relations ceased during World War I and were re-established in the Republican period in 1926. A resident embassy was established in 1957. Portugal has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Lisbon. Both countries are full members of NATO. [edit] UkraineMain article: Portugal–Ukraine relations
[edit] United KingdomMain article: Portugal – United Kingdom relations The relationship dates back to the Middle Ages in 1373 with the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. [edit] Former Colonies[edit] AngolaMain article: Angola–Portugal relations Portugal ruled Angola for 400 years,[33] colonizing the territory from 1483 until independence in 1975. Angola's war for independence did not end in a military victory for either side, but was suspended as a result of a coup in Portugal, that replaced the Caetano regime with a Communist junta. [edit] East TimorMain article: East Timor–Portugal relations Timor Leste has an embassy in Lisbon whilst Portugal has an embassy in Dili. East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal for over 400 years. Portugal was a strong advocate of independence for East Timor, which was occupied annexed by neighboring Indonesia between 1975 and 1999, and has committed troops and money to East Timor, in close cooperation with the United Nations, East Timor's Asian neighbors. [edit] MozambiqueMain article: Mozambique–Portugal relations Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975. Portugal has an embassy in Maputo and a Consulate-General in Beira. Mozambique has an embassy in Lisbon. [edit] Rest of world[edit] Argentina
[edit] ArmeniaMain article: Armenia–Portugal relations Armenia is represented in Portugal through its embassy in Rome (Italy).[34] Portugal is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia).[35] One of the most notable Armenians who resided in Portugal was Calouste Gulbenkian. He was a wealthy Armenian businessman and philantropist, who made Lisbon the headquarters for his businesses. He established the international charity, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon. He also founded the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon.[36][37] [edit] North KoreaPortugal and North Korea have a good relationship, in part due to the former Portuguese colony of Macau. One of Kim Jong-il's sons, in addition to his North Korean citizenship, holds Portuguese citizenship from the time he lived in Macau. Kim Yong Nam has made statements affirming the good relationship between the two countries, such as the condolences he gave then-President Jorge Sampaio when Francisco da Costa Gomes died [2], and the congratulations he extended to President Cavaco Silva after he won the Portuguese elections [3]. [edit] United StatesMain article: Portugal – United States relations Portugal was among the first nations to establish diplomatic ties with the United States. Contributing to the strong ties between the United States and Portugal are the 20,000 Americans living in Portugal and some sizable Portuguese communities in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, California, and Hawaii. The latest census estimates that 1.3 million individuals living in the United States are of Portuguese ancestry, with a large percentage coming from the Portuguese Autonomous region of the Azores Islands. [edit] See also[edit] References
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