Ferdinand von Lindemann
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann
Born	April 12, 1852(1852-04-12) Hanover, Germany
Died	March 6, 1939 (aged 86) Munich, Germany
Residence	Germany
Nationality	German
Fields	Mathematician
Institutions	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Alma mater	Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Doctoral advisor	C. Felix Klein
Doctoral students	Charles Hamilton Ashton Franz Fuchs David Hilbert Martin Kutta Hermann Minkowski Oskar Perron Arnold Sommerfeld Josef Wagner
Known for	Proving π is a transcendental number

Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann (April 12, 1852 – March 6, 1939) was a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that π (pi) is a transcendental number, i.e., it is not a zero of any polynomial with rational coefficients.

[edit] Life and education

Lindemann was born in Hanover, the capital of the Kingdom of Hanover. His father, Ferdinand Lindemann, taught modern languages at a Gymnasium in Hanover. His mother, Emilie Crusius, was the daughter of the Gymnasium's headmaster. The family later moved to Schwerin, where young Ferdinand attended school.

He studied mathematics at Göttingen, Erlangen, and Munich. At Erlangen he received a doctorate, supervised by Felix Klein, on non-Euclidean geometry. Lindemann subsequently taught in Würzburg and at the University of Freiburg. During his time in Freiburg, Lindemann devised his proof that π is a transcendental number (see Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem). After his time in Freiburg, Lindemann transferred to the University of Königsberg. While a professor in Königsberg, Lindemann acted as supervisor for the doctoral thesis of David Hilbert, Hermann Minkowski, and Arnold Sommerfeld.

[edit] Transcendence proof

In 1882, he published the result for which he is best known, the transcendence of Pi. His methods were similar to those used nine years earlier by Charles Hermite to show that e, the base of natural logarithms, is transcendental. Before the publication of Lindemann's proof, it was known that if Pi is transcendental, then the ancient and celebrated problem of squaring the circle by compass and straightedge could not be solved.

[edit] See also

• Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem

[edit] References

• Lindemann, F. "Über die Zahl π", Mathematische Annalen 20 (1882): pp. 213–225.

[edit] External links

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Ferdinand von Lindemann", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Lindemann.html .
• Ferdinand von Lindemann at the Mathematics Genealogy Project