Erythema toxicum
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	L53.0, P83.1
ICD-9	695.0, 778.8
DiseasesDB	4458
MedlinePlus	001458
eMedicine	derm/139 ped/697

Erythema toxicum (or toxic erythema) is a common rash in neonates.^[1]:139[2] It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5 after birth.

Contents 1 Presentation 2 Diagnosis 3 Causes 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Presentation

The rash is composed of small papular lesions, each on a separate reddened base.

[edit] Diagnosis

At times the appearance can raise concern that the rash could be due to herpes simplex; however, the latter generally has a more clustered and vesicular appearance.

In uncertain cases, a scraping of a lesion can be done and the fluid examined under the microscope. Herpes lesions will have a positive direct fluorescent antibody test. The fluid from erythema toxicum lesions will show many eosinophils.

[edit] Causes

The cause of erythema toxicum is unknown, but it is thought to be a benign condition that causes no discomfort to the infant. The rash will generally disappear spontaneously in about 2 weeks.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• DermAtlas 161
• Photo at University of Iowa

v • d • e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal wart · callus · seborrheic keratosis · acrochordon · molluscum contagiosum · actinic keratosis · squamous cell carcinoma · basal cell carcinoma · merkel cell carcinoma · nevus sebaceous · trichoepithelioma Pigmented Freckles · lentigo · melasma · nevus · melanoma Dermal and subcutaneous epidermal inclusion cyst · hemangioma · dermatofibroma · keloid · lipoma · neurofibroma · xanthoma · Kaposi's sarcoma · infantile digital fibromatosis · granular cell tumor · leiomyoma · lymphangioma circumscriptum · myxoid cyst Rashes With epidermal involvement Eczematous contact dermatitis · atopic dermatitis · seborrheic dermatitis · stasis dermatitis · lichen simplex chronicus · Darier's disease · glucagonoma syndrome · langerhans cell histiocytosis · lichen sclerosus · pemphigus foliaceus · Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome · Zinc deficiency Scaling psoriasis · tinea (corporis · cruris · pedis · manuum · faciei) · pityriasis rosea · secondary syphillis · mycosis fungoides · systemic lupus erythematosus · pityriasis rubra pilaris · parapsoriasis · ichthyosis Blistering herpes simplex · herpes zoster · varicella · bullous impetigo · acute contact dermatitis · pemphigus vulgaris · bullous pemphigoid · dermatitis herpetiformis · porphyria cutanea tarda · epidermolysis bullosa simplex Papular scabies · insect bite reactions · lichen planus · miliaria · keratosis pilaris · lichen spinulosus · transient acantholytic dermatosis · lichen nitidus · pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta Pustular acne vulgaris · acne rosacea · folliculitis · impetigo · candidiasis · gonococcemia · dermatophyte · coccidioidomycosis · subcorneal pustular dermatosis Hypopigmented tinea versicolor · vitiligo · pityriasis alba · postinflammatory hyperpigmentation · tuberous sclerosis · idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis · leprosy · hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Without epidermal involvement Red Blanchable Erythema Generalized drug eruptions · viral exanthems · toxic erythema · systemic lupus erythematosus Localized cellulitis · abscess · boil · erythema nodosum · carcinoid syndrome · fixed drug eruption Specialized urticaria · erythema (multiforme · migrans · gyratum repens · annulare centrifugum · ab igne) Nonblanchable Purpura Macular thrombocytopenic purpura · actinic purpura Papular disseminated intravascular coagulation · vasculitis Indurated scleroderma/morphea · granuloma annulare · lichen sclerosis et atrophicus · necrobiosis lipoidica Miscellaneous disorders Ulcers Hair telogen effluvium · androgenic alopecia · trichotillomania · alopecia areata · systemic lupus erythematosus · tinea capitis · loose anagen syndrome · lichen planopilaris · folliculitis decalvans · acne keloidalis nuchae Nail onychomycosis · psoriasis · paronychia · ingrown nail Mucous membrane aphthous stomatitis · oral candidiasis · lichen planus · leukoplakia · pemphigus vulgaris · mucous membrane pemphigoid · cicatricial pemphigoid · herpesvirus · coxsackievirus · syphilis · systemic histoplasmosis · squamous cell carcinoma

v • d • e Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (integumentary system) (L, 680-709) Infections Bacterial skin disease Staphylococcus (Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Impetigo, Boil, Carbuncle) · Strep (Impetigo) · Corynebacterium (Erythrasma) Viral skin disease Wart · Molluscum contagiosum · Erythema infectiosum · Exanthema subitum · Herpes simplex (Herpetic whitlow, Eczema herpeticum) General Cellulitis (Paronychia) · Acute lymphadenitis · Pilonidal cyst · Pimple (Pustule) Bullous disorders acantholysis (Pemphigus, Transient acantholytic dermatosis) · Pemphigoid (Bullous, Cicatricial, Gestational) · Dermatitis herpetiformis Inflammatory Dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis · Seborrhoeic dermatitis (Dandruff, Cradle cap) · Contact dermatitis (Diaper rash, Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) · Erythroderma · Lichen simplex chronicus/Prurigo nodularis · Itch (Pruritus ani, Pruritus scroti, Pruritus vulvae) · Nummular dermatitis · Dyshidrosis · Pityriasis alba Papulosquamous disorders Psoriasis (Psoriatic arthritis) · Parapsoriasis (Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Pityriasis lichenoides chronica, Lymphomatoid papulosis) · other pityriasis (Pityriasis rosea, Pityriasis rubra pilaris) · other lichenoid (Lichen planus, Lichen nitidus) Urticaria Dermatographic urticaria · Cold urticaria · Cholinergic urticaria · Solar urticaria Erythema Erythema multiforme/ drug eruption Stevens-Johnson syndrome · Toxic epidermal necrolysis · Erythema nodosum  · Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis Other erythema Erythema annulare centrifugum · Erythema marginatum · Keratolytic winter erythema · Necrolytic migratory erythema · Erythema toxicum Radiation-related disorders Sunburn · actinic rays (Actinic keratosis, Actinic cheilitis) · Polymorphous light eruption (Acne aestivalis) · Radiodermatitis · Erythema ab igne Pigmentation/ Dyschromia hypopigmentation (Albinism, Vitiligo) · hyperpigmentation (Melasma, Freckle, Café au lait spot, Lentigo/Liver spot, Acanthosis nigricans, Acral acanthotic anomaly) Other skin keratosis/hyperkeratosis (Seborrheic keratosis, Callus) · other epidermal thickening (Ichthyosis acquisita, Palmoplantar keratoderma) skin ulcer (Pyoderma gangrenosum, Bedsore) Cutaneous Markers of Internal Malignancy (Florid cutaneous papillomatosis, acanthosis nigricans, sign of Leser-Trelat) atrophic (Lichen sclerosus, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) necrobiosis (Granuloma annulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica) · other granuloma (Granuloma faciale, Pyogenic granuloma) cutaneous vasculitis (Livedoid vasculitis, Erythema elevatum diutinum) Connective tissues collagen disease: Keloid localized connective tissue disorders: Lupus erythematosus (Discoid lupus erythematosus, Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus) · Scleroderma/Morphea · Linear scleroderma · Calcinosis cutis · Sclerodactyly · Ainhum integument, SF, LCT navs: anat/physio, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

v • d • e Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760-779) Maternal factors and complications placenta (Placenta praevia, Placental insufficiency) · Chorion/Amnion/Umbilical cord Chorioamnionitis  · Umbilical cord prolapse · Nuchal cord  · Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Length of gestation and fetal growth Small for gestational age · Large for gestational age · Preterm birth · Postmature birth Birth trauma Cephalhematoma · Brachial plexus lesion (Erb's palsy, Klumpke paralysis) By system Respiratory Intrauterine hypoxia · Infant respiratory distress syndrome · Transient tachypnea of the newborn · Meconium aspiration syndrome · pleural disease (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum) · Wilson-Mikity syndrome · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Cardiovascular Pneumopericardium · Persistent fetal circulation Haemorrhagic and haematological/ hematologic disease Vitamin K deficiency (Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn) · Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN • Anti-Kell HDN • Rhesus c HDN • Rhesus D HDN • Rhesus E HDN) · Rh disease · Hydrops fetalis · Hyperbilirubinemia (Kernicterus, Neonatal jaundice) Velamentous cord insertion Digestive system Ileus · Necrotizing enterocolitis Integument and temperature regulation Erythema toxicum Nervous system Periventricular leukomalacia Musculoskeletal system Gray baby syndrome · muscle tone (Congenital hypertonia, Congenital hypotonia) Other disorders Perinatal infection (Congenital rubella syndrome, Neonatal herpes simplex) · Omphalitis Stillbirth/Perinatal mortality

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