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Spermatocele
Classification and external resources
Testicle (grey) and spermatocele(black).
ICD-10	N43.4
ICD-9	608.1
MeSH	D013088

Spermatocele is a retention cyst of a tubule of the rete testis or the head of the epididymis distended with a milky fluid that contains spermatozoa. Spermatoceles are the most common cystic condition encountered within the scrotum. They vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters. Spermatoceles are generally not painful. However, some men may experience discomfort from larger spermatoceles.

Contents 1 Epidemiology 2 Diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 See also

[edit] Epidemiology

1. Spermatoceles can originate as diverticulum from the tubules found in the head of the epididymis. Sperm formation gradually causes the diverticulum to increase in size, causing a spermatocele. They are due to continuity between the epididymis and tunica vaginalis.
2. They are also believed to result from epididymitis or physical trauma. Scarring, of any part of the epididymis, can cause it to become obstructed and may form a spermatocele.

[edit] Diagnosis

Spermatoceles can be discovered as incidental scrotal masses found on physical examination by a physician. They may also be discovered by self-inspection of the scrotum and testicles.

Finding a painless, cystic mass at the head of the epididymis, that transilluminates and can be clearly differentiated from the testicle, is generally sufficient. If uncertainty exists, ultrasonography of the scrotum can confirm if it is spermatocele.

Consult a urologist.

[edit] Treatment

Small cysts are best left alone, as are larger cysts that are an asymptomatic condition. Only when the cysts are causing discomfort and are enlarging in size, or the patient wants the spermatocele removed, should a spermatocelectomy be considered. Pain may persist even after removal.

Spermatocelectomy can be performed on an outpatient basis, with the use of local or general anesthesia.

A spermatocelectomy will not improve fertility.

[edit] See also

• diverticulum
• epididymitis
• hydrocele
• orchitis
• rete tubular ectasia
• testicular torsion
• tumor
• varicocele

v • d • e Diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N40-N99, 600-629) Female Adnexa Ovary Oophoritis · Ovarian cyst (Follicular cyst of ovary, Corpus luteum cyst, Chocolate cyst of ovary) · Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome · Anovulation · Mittelschmerz Fallopian tube Salpingitis · Hydrosalpinx · Hematosalpinx Parametrium Parametritis Uterus Endometrium: Endometriosis (Adenomyosis) · Endometrial polyp menstruation: flow (Amenorrhoea, Hypomenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea) · timing (Menorrhagia, Menometrorrhagia, Metrorrhagia) · pain (Dysmenorrhea) Hematometra · Retroverted uterus · Asherman's syndrome Cervix Cervicitis · Cervical polyp · Nabothian cyst Vagina Vaginitis (Bacterial vaginosis, Atrophic vaginitis, Candidal vulvovaginitis) · Leukorrhea · Hematocolpos/Hydrocolpos Sexual dysfunction (Dyspareunia, Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual arousal disorder, Vaginismus) Prolapse (Cystocele, Rectocele, Urethrocele) · Fistulae (Vesicovaginal, Rectovaginal) Vaginal discharge Vulva Vulvitis · Bartholin's cyst Clitoral hood or Clitoris Clitoral phimosis · Clitorism Other/general Pelvic inflammatory disease · Female infertility (Habitual abortion) Male Testicular Orchitis · Hydrocele testis · Testicular torsion · Male infertility (Azoospermia, Oligospermia) Epididymis Epididymitis · Spermatocele · Hematocele Prostate Prostatitis (Acute prostatitis, Chronic bacterial prostatitis, Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome) · Benign prostatic hyperplasia Penis Balanoposthitis/Balanitis · Phimosis · Priapism · Sexual dysfunction (Erectile dysfunction) · Peyronie's disease · Penile fracture Other Hematospermia · Retrograde ejaculation reproductive system navs: anat female,male/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc