Entecavir (INN) (pronounced /ɛnˈtɛkəvɪr/) is an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. It is marketed under the trade name Baraclude (BMS). Entecavir is a nucleoside analog[1] (more specifically, a guanine analogue) that inhibits reverse transcription, DNA replication and transcription in the viral replication process. The drug's manufacturer claims that entecavir is more efficacious than previous agents used to treat hepatitis B (lamivudine and adefovir). It also has a few problems as well there are studies out in 2007 that patients that have stopped entecavir for a month or more have created a resistant version of the virus and will have to switch to a different medication like Viread to fight the newly resistant infection. Entecavir was approved by the U.S.FDA in March 2005. [edit] History - 1992: SQ-34676 at Squibb as part of anti-herpes virus program[2]
- 1997: BMS 200475 developed at BMS pharmaceutical research institute as antiviral nucleoside analogue à Activity demonstrated against HBV, HSV-1, HCMV, VZV in cell lines & no or little activity against HIV or influenza[3]
- Superior activity observed against HBV pushed research towards BMS 200475, its base analogues and its enantiomer against HBV in HepG2.2.15 cell line[4]
- Comparison to other NAs, proven more selective potent inhibitor of HBV by virtue of being Guanine NA[5]
- 1998: Inhibition of hepadnaviral polymerases was demonstrated in vitro in comparison to a number of NAs-TP[6]
- Metabolic studies showed more efficient phosphorylation to triphosphate active form[7]
- 3 year treatment of woodchuck model of CHB sustained antiviral efficacy and prolonged life spans without detectable emergence of resistance[8]
- Efficacy # LVD resistant HBV replication in vitro[9]
- Superior activity compared to LVD invivo for both HBeAg + & HBeAg- patients[10][11]
- Efficacy in LVD refractory CHB patients[12]
[edit] References - ^ Sims KA, Woodland AM (December 2006). "Entecavir: a new nucleoside analog for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection". Pharmacotherapy 26 (12): 1745–57. doi:10.1592/phco.26.12.1745. PMID 17125436. http://www.atypon-link.com/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.26.12.1745.
- ^ Slusarchyk, W. A., A. K. Field, J. A. Greytok, P. Taunk, A. V. Tooumari, M. G. Young, and R. Zahler. 4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylcyclopentyl purines and pyrimidines, a novel class of anti-herpesvirus agents. Abstract from the Fifth International Conference on Antiviral Research. Antivir Res 1992.17(Suppl. 1):98
- ^ Bisacchi, G. S., S. T. Chao, C. Bachard, J. P. Daris, S. F. Innaimo, J. A. Jacobs, O. Kocy, P. Lapointe, A. Martel, Z. Merchant, W. A. Slusarchyk, J. E. Sundeen, M. G. Young, R. Colonno, and R. Zahler. BMS-200475, a novel carbocyclic 29-deoxyguanosine analog with potent and selective antihepatitis B virus activity in vitro. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1997. 7:127–132
- ^ Bisacchi, G. S., S. T. Chao, C. Bachard, J. P. Daris, S. F. Innaimo, J. A. Jacobs, O. Kocy, P. Lapointe, A. Martel, Z. Merchant, W. A. Slusarchyk, J. E. Sundeen, M. G. Young, R. Colonno, and R. Zahler. BMS-200475, a novel carbocyclic 29-deoxyguanosine analog with potent and selective antihepatitis B virus activity in vitro. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1997. 7:127–132
- ^ Innaimo S F, Seifer M, Bisacchi G S, Standring D N, Zahler R, Colonno R J. Identification of BMS-200475 as a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1997. 41(7): 1444–1448
- ^ Seifer, M., R. K. Hamatake, R. J. Colonno, and D. N. Standring. In vitro inhibition of hepadnavirus polymerases by the triphosphates of BMS-200475 and lobucavir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998. 42:3200–3208
- ^ Yamanaka, G., T. Wilson, S. Innaimo, G. S. Bisacchi, P. Egli, J. K. Rinehart, R. Zahler, and R. J. Colonno. Metabolic studies on BMS-200475, a new antiviral compound active against hepatitis B virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1999. 43:190–193
- ^ Colonno, R. J., E. V. Genovesi, I. Medina, L. Lamb, S. K. Durham, M. L. Huang, L. Corey, M. Littlejohn, S. Locarnini, B. C. Tennant, B. Rose, and J. M. Clark. Long-term entecavir treatment results in sustained antiviral efficacy and prolonged life span in the woodchuck model of chronic hepatitis infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2001.184:1236–1245
- ^ Levine, S., D. Hernandez, G. Yamanaka, S. Zhang, R. Rose, S. Weinheimer, and R. J. Colonno. Efficacies of entecavir against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus replication and recombinant polymerases in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2002.46:2525–2532
- ^ Chang, T. T. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006. 354:1001–1010
- ^ Lai, C. L. et al. Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J.Med. 2006. 354:1011–1020.
- ^ Sherman, M., C. Yurdaydin, J. Sollano, M. Silva, Y. F. Liaw, J. Cianciara, A. Boron-Kaczmarska, P. Martin, Z. Goodman, R. J. Colonno, A. Cross, G. Denisky, B. Kreter, R. Hindes, and the AI463026 Behold Study Group. Entecavir for the treatment of lamivudine-refractory, HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2006. 130:2039–2049.
[edit] External links |
