"Enoch Arden" is a poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, during his tenure as England's Poet Laureate. The story on which it was based was provided to Tennyson by Thomas Woolner.
The hero of the poem, fisherman turned merchant sailor Enoch Arden, leaves his wife Annie and three children to go to sea with his old captain, who is offering him work. Enoch had lost his job when he fell victim to an accident; in a manner that reflects the hero's masculine view of personal toil and hardship to support his family, Enoch Arden left his family to better serve them as a husband and father. However during his voyage he is shipwrecked and remains lost and missing for ten years.
He finds upon his return from the sea that, after his long absence, his wife, who believed him dead, is married happily to another man, his childhood friend Philip (Annie has known both men since her childhood, thus the rivalry), and has a child by him. Enoch's life remains unfulfilled, with one of his children now dead, and his wife and remaining children now being cared for by his onetime rival.
Tragically Enoch does not ever reveal to his wife and children that he is really alive, and dies of a broken heart.
The story could be considered a variation on and antithesis to the Classical myth of Odysseus, who after an absence of twenty years at sea found a faithful wife who had been loyally waiting for him.
[edit] "Enoch Arden" in popular culture
- A 1911 film, directed by D. W. Griffith is based on this poem.
- A 1915 film, directed by Christy Cabanne is based on this poem.
- The 1940 film Too Many Husbands has a similar theme to the poem.
- In the 1940 screwball comedy film My Favorite Wife, the character Ellen Wagstaff Arden (Irene Dunne) is a comic inversion of Enoch Arden. She returns from sea and boldly reclaims her husband and children. Cary Grant's character is called Nicky Arden. A remake called Something's Got to Give starring Marilyn Monroe and Dean Martin, and directed by George Cukor, was partly filmed in 1962 before being stopped due to Monroe's studio management problems and her subsequent death, but was shot and released the following year as Move Over, Darling, with Doris Day in the Dunne role and James Garner in the Cary Grant one.
- Enoch Arden is the alias taken by Robert Underhay, a character in Agatha Christie's novel, Taken at the Flood.
- The title of this poem is thought to be the origin of the trade name "Elizabeth Arden", adopted by Canadian Florence Nightingale Graham for her cosmetics empire.
- The poem was set to music by Richard Strauss ("Enoch Arden", Op. 38). The work requires a narrator and pianist. It has been recorded by Glenn Gould and Claude Rains. It has also been performed widely in 2007 by Emanuel Ax (piano) and Patrick Stewart (narrator) and recorded for release in September 2007. There is also another version with Michael York (narrator) and John Bell Young (pianist).The first authorized and unabridged edition of the melodrama in Italian was published in 2004 by the pianist Pietro De Luigi with the actress Laura Marinoni (narrator). Pietro De Luigi has also written an essay on the symbolism of Tennyson's poem, entitled "Traces to sail through the universe of Enoch Arden".
- The 1946 film Tomorrow Is Forever is based on the poem. The film stars Orson Welles as the Enoch Arden character, and Claudette Colbert as his wife.
- The 1966 Konkani film Nirmon is based on this story.
- The 1967 Hindi film Taqdeer was a remake of the Konkani film Nirmon.
- The 1969 Donald E. Westlake (as Richard Stark) Parker novel The Sour Lemon Score features a newly-notified widow complaining about not expecting to receive an official notification of her criminal-husband's death in a gangland slaying, saying, "So now I have to wait seven years for an Enoch Arden."
- The short story Enoch Arden's One Night Stands (2004) by Jacob M. Appel features an in-depth discussion of the poem by a pair of would-be lovers.
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