Endocrine surgery is a surgical procedure that is performed to achieve a hormonal or anti-hormonal effect in the body.

The commonest operation is thyroidectomy. Most thyroidectomies are performed through a 1.5-inch incision. This is called minimally invasive thyroid surgery. There is a risk of voice change following thyroidectomy. Nerve monitoring during the operation is a great help in avoiding voice change. Complications are rare if performed by surgeons who do at least 100 thyroid operations per year.

The use of drugs to suppress hormone production has replaced surgical approaches to endocrine therapy of breast cancer. However, orchiectomy remains a common approach for the hormonal management of prostate cancer because of the simplicity of the procedure, its immediate effect, and the lack of side effects associated with the drugs used to achieve the same hormonal suppression.

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