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Elizabeth F. Loftus is an American psychologist and expert on human memory. She has conducted extensive research on the misinformation effect and the nature of false memories. Loftus has been recognized throughout the world for her work, receiving numerous awards and honorary degrees. In 2002, Loftus was 58th in a list of the 100 most influential researchers in psychology in the 20th century, and the highest ranked woman on the list.[1]
[edit] Biography[edit] EducationLoftus received her bachelor's degree in mathematics and psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1966 and her MA (1967) and Ph.D (1970) in psychology from Stanford University. [edit] Honors and awardsA study published by the Review of General Psychology identifying the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century ranked Loftus 58th on the list, and she was the top ranked woman.[1] Loftus has been the president of the Association for Psychological Science, the Western Psychological Association, and the American Psychology-Law Society. [edit] Honorary degreesLoftus has also received six honorary doctorates for her research, the first in 1982 from Miami University, the second in 1990 from Leiden University in the Netherlands, and the third in 1994 from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York - an honorary doctorate of laws. Her fourth honorary doctorate, from the University of Portsmouth in England, was awarded in 1998; the fifth, from the University of Haifa in Israel, was awarded in 2005. Her sixth, from the University of Oslo, was awarded in 2008.
[edit] CareerLoftus is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, and the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and a Fellow of The Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at the University of California, Irvine. She is also Professor of Law.[5][6][4] One of her studies is the reconstruction of automobile destruction study, which is an example of the misinformation effect. She also developed the lost in the mall technique as a method of testing her hypothesis that false memories can be clinically created. Her pilot study of the lost in the mall technique has been criticized for the ethics used in acquiring subjects[7] and for being used to draw inappropriate conclusions about false memories and therapeutic techniques.[7][8] Loftus has also been involved in the trials of Ted Bundy, O. J. Simpson, the Hillside Stranglers, and the McMartin preschool trial workers.[9] Loftus is a member of the Scientific and Professional Advisory Board of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation.[10] [edit] Testimony in Scooter Libby trialOn October 26, 2006, Loftus was called as the first defense witness in a pretrial hearing in the federal perjury case against Presidential aide Lewis Libby.[11] Under cross-examination by Patrick Fitzgerald, Loftus struggled to explain her research and apparent contradictions between her testimony and her work, also stating that based on comments by her peers and even her own work that there were limitations in her methods and conclusions.[12] [edit]After criticizing the theory of recovered memory and testifying about the nature of memory and false allegations of child sexual abuse as part of the day care sex abuse hysteria, Loftus was subject to on-line harassment by Diana Napolis. A conspiracy theorist, Napolis believed Loftus was engaged in satanic ritual abuse or assisted in covering up these crimes as part of a larger conspiracy.[13] After addressing a scientific conference in New Zealand, Loftus was accosted by a group of protesters who alleged she had abused children, in part basing their accusations on Napolis' web postings. [edit] Jane Doe caseLoftus and the University of Washington were sued in 2003 by Nicole Taus regarding a 2002 publication[14] which questioned the use Taus as a case study[15] regarding the accuracy of repressed and recovered memories. The suit involved allegations of invasion of privacy and other torts, and resulted in twenty of the twenty-one counts against Loftus being dismissed as a "strategic lawsuit against public participation". In February, 2007, the Supreme Court of California dismissed all counts but Taus's claim that Loftus misrepresented herself as Corwin's supervisor in interviewing Taus's foster mother.[16] The case was settled in August, 2007 when Loftus' insurance company agreed to a nuisance settlement of $7,500 rather than cover the cost of a trial, and both paid their own legal costs. In November, 2007 Taus was required to pay $246,000 to others she had sued.[17][18] Loftus published her own analysis of the case in 2009.[19] [edit] Other appearancesLoftus attended and was a speaker at the Beyond Belief symposium on November 2006. [edit] BibliographyLearning. Mednick, S.A., Pollio, R. H. & Loftus, E.F. (1973). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Japanese edition: Iwanami Shoten Publishers, Tokyo. Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1976) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Japanese edition: University of Tokyo Press. Cognitive Processes. Bourne, L.E., Dominowski, R. L., & Loftus, E.F. (1979). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Eyewitness Testimony. Loftus, E.F. (1979). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.(National Media Award, Distinguished Contribution, 1980). (Reissued with new Preface in 1996). Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo, Tokyo. Memory. Loftus, E.F. (1980). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. (Reprinted by NY: Ardsley Press 1988). Swedish edition: Liber Forlag, Stockholm. Hebrew edition: Or Am, Tel-Aviv. French edition: Le Jour, Editeur. Spanish edition: Compania Editorial Continental. Danish edition: Hernon Publishers. Psychology. Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1981). New York: Random House (Knopf). Essence of Statistics. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Psychology Today Bootzin, R., Loftus, E., & Zajonc, R. (1983). (5th ed.). NY: Random House. Mind at Play. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1983). New York: Basic Books. Japanese edition: Companion Shuppan Ltd. Eyewitness Testimony--Psychological perspectives. Wells, G. & Loftus, E.F. (Eds.) (1984). NY: Cambridge University Press. Psychology (2nd ed.) Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1985). NY: Random House (Knopf). Cognitive Processes. Bourne, L.E., Dominowski, R.L., Loftus, E.F., & Healy, A. (1986). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J. (1987). NY: Kluwer. Statistics. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1988). New York: Random House. Psychology (3rd ed.). Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1988). NY: Random House (Knopf). Witness for the Defense; The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial Loftus, E.F. & Ketcham, K. (1991) NY: St. Martin’s Press. Chinese Translation: Taiwan: Business Weekly Publications 1999.. Psychology (4th ed.) Wortman, C.B. & Loftus, E.F. (1992) NY: McGraw Hill. Eyewitness Testimony - Civil and Criminal. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J.M. (1992) Charlottesville, VA: The Michie Co. The Myth of Repressed Memory. Loftus, E.F. & Ketcham, K. (1994) NY: St. Martin’s Press. Dutch edition: Graven in het geheugen, Amsterdam/Antwerpen: Uitgeverji L.J. Veen (1995) German edition: Die Therapierte erinnerung. (translated by Ingrid Klein): Hamburg: Verlag GmbH. (1995). French edition: Le syndrome des faux souvenirs. Collection Regard Critique: Editions Exergue,(1997). Bastei Lubbe Publishing. Taiwanese Translation: Yuan Liou Publishing. Japanese edition: Seishin Shobo Publishers (2000). Korean edition: Dosol Publishing (2008) Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Criminal, 3rd edition. Loftus, E.F. & Doyle, J.M. (1997) Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing. Psychology (5th edition). Wortman, C.B., Loftus, E.F., & Weaver, C. (1999) NY: McGraw Hill. Eyewitness testimony: Civil & Criminal, 4th edition. Loftus, E.F., Doyle, J.M. & Dysert, J. (2008) Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing. (482 pages) [edit] References
[edit] External links
Categories: American psychologists | Cognitive scientists | Forensic psychologists | Memory researchers | Grawemeyer Award winners | 1944 births | Living people | Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists | Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | Members of the National Academy of Sciences | University of California, Irvine faculty | University of California, Los Angeles alumni | University of Washington faculty | Stanford University alumni | Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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