E number Information & E number Links at HealthHaven.com

For the base of the natural logarithm, see e (mathematical constant). For the base-10 exponential notation, see E notation. For E-road numbers, see International E-road network.

E numbers are number codes for food additives that have been assessed for use within the European Union (the "E" prefix stands for "Europe") ^[1]^{[clarification needed]}. They are commonly found on food labels throughout the European Union.^[2]^{[citation needed]} Safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.^[3]^{[clarification needed]} The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee^[4] though only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union. E numbers are also encountered on food labelling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. The "E" prefix is omitted in Australia and New Zealand. They are increasingly (though still rarely) found on North American packaging, especially in Canada.

In casual language in the UK and Ireland, "E number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers" even though most of the (natural) ingredients contain components that also have an E number^{[citation needed]} (e.g. Vitamin C (E300) or lycopene (E160d), the colour in tomatoes). To have a diet without any components that have an E number is basically impossible. "Free of E numbers" thus refers mainly to the lack of additives, not to the absence of components with an E number.

[edit] Classification by numeric range

100–199 Colours	100–109	yellows (see the E number#Full list)
	110–119	oranges
	120–129	reds
	130–139	blues & violets
	140–149	greens
	150–159	browns & blacks
	160–199	others
200–299 Preservatives	200–209	sorbates
	210–219	benzoates
	220–229	sulphites
	230–239	phenols & formates (methanoates)
	240–259	nitrates
	260–269	acetates (ethanoates)
	270–279	lactates
	280–289	propionates (propanoates)
	290–299	others
300–399 Antioxidants & acidity regulators	300–305	ascorbates (vitamin C)
	306–309	Tocopherol (vitamin E)
	310–319	gallates & erythorbates
	320–329	lactates
	330–339	citrates & tartrates
	340–349	phosphates
	350–359	malates & adipates
	360–369	succinates & fumarates
	370–399	others
400–499 Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers	400–409	alginates
	410–419	natural gums
	420–429	other natural agents
	430–439	polyoxyethene compounds
	440–449	natural emulsifiers
	450–459	phosphates
	460–469	cellulose compounds
	470–489	fatty acids & compounds
	490–499	others
500–599 pH regulators & anti-caking agents	500–509	mineral acids & bases
	510–519	chlorides & sulphates
	520–529	sulphates & hydroxides
	530–549	alkali metal compounds
	550–559	silicates
	570–579	stearates & gluconates
	580–599	others
600–699 Flavour enhancers	620–629	glutamates
	630–639	inosinates
	640–649	others
700–799 Antibiotics	710–713
900–999 Miscellaneous	900–909	waxes
	910–919	synthetic glazes
	920–929	improving agents
	930–949	packaging gases
	950–969	sweeteners
	990–999	foaming agents
1100–1599 Additional chemicals	New chemicals that do not fall into standard classification schemes

NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400–499 range, have a variety of purposes.

[edit] Full list

Each additional has its status:

permitted additionals are labeled with N/A;
forbidden additionals were proven to cause diseases beyond any doubt;
unpermitted additionals are those for which conclusive test data is not yet available either due to ongoing tests or no testing;
dangerous additionals may be dangerous for people with chronic diseases.

[edit] E100–E199 (colours)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E100	Curcumin, turmeric	food colouring (yellow-orange)	N/A
E101	Riboflavin (Vitamin B₂), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G)	food colouring (yellow-orange)	N/A
E101a	Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate	food colouring (yellow-orange)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E102	Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5)	food colouring (lemon yellow)	Unpermitted in the EU^{[citation needed]}
E103	Chrysoine resorcinol	food colouring (golden)	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E104	Quinoline Yellow WS	food colouring (dull or greenish yellow)	Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK.^{[citation needed]}
E105	Fast Yellow AB	food colouring (yellow)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E106	Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate	food colouring (yellow)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E107	Yellow 2G	food colouring (yellow)	N/A
E110	Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6)	food colouring (yellow-orange)^{[citation needed]}	Banned in Finland, Norway & the UK (voluntarily). Products in the EU require warnings and is evaluating a phase-out.^{[citation needed]}
E111	Orange GGN	food colouring (orange)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E120	Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4	food colouring (crimson)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E121	Citrus Red 2	food colouring (dark red)	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E122	Carmoisine, Azorubine	food colouring (red to maroon)^{[citation needed]}	Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK, currently banned in Canada, Japan, Norway, USA & Sweden. EU currently evaluating health risks.^{[citation needed]}
E123	Amaranth (FD&C Red 2)	food colouring (dark red)	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E124	Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R)	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	Unpermitted in the United States, Norway & Finland. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK.^{[citation needed]}
E125	Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E126	Ponceau 6R	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E127	Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3)	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E128	Red 2G	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E129	Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40)	food colouring (red)^{[citation needed]}	Banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland & Sweden. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK. Permitted in the US and by the EU (whilst preserving individual country bans).^{[citation needed]}
E130	Indanthrene blue RS	food colouring (blue)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E131	Patent Blue V	food colouring (dark blue)	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E132	Indigo carmine, FD&C Blue 2	food colouring(indigo)	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E133	Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1)	food colouring (reddish blue)	N/A
E140	Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins	food colouring (green)	N/A
E141	Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins	food colouring (green)^{[citation needed]}	N/A
E142	Green S	food colouring (green)^{[citation needed]}	Unpermitted in the EU^{[citation needed]}
E143	Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3)	food colouring (sea green)	N/A
E150a	Plain caramel	food colouring	N/A
E150b	Caustic sulfite caramel	food colouring	N/A
E150c	Ammonia caramel	food colouring	N/A
E150d	Sulphite ammonia caramel	food colouring	N/A
E151	Black PN, Brilliant Black BN	food colouring	N/A
E152	Black 7984	food colouring	N/A
E153	Carbon black, Vegetable carbon	food colouring	N/A
E154	Brown FK, Kipper Brown	food colouring	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E155	Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT	food colouring	N/A
E160a	Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene	food colouring	N/A
E160b	Annatto, bixin, norbixin	food colouring	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E160c	Paprika extract, Capsanthin, capsorubin	food colouring	N/A
E160d	Lycopene	food colouring	N/A
E160e	Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30)	food colouring	N/A
E160f	Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30)	food colouring	N/A
E161a	Flavoxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161b	Lutein	food colouring	N/A
E161c	Cryptoxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161d	Rubixanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161e	Violaxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161f	Rhodoxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161g	Canthaxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161h	Zeaxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161i	Citranaxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E161j	Astaxanthin	food colouring	N/A
E162	Beetroot Red, Betanin	food colouring	N/A
E163	Anthocyanins	food colouring	N/A
E170	Calcium carbonate, Chalk	food colouring	N/A
E171	Titanium dioxide	food colouring (pure white)	N/A
E172	Iron oxides and hydroxides	food colouring	N/A
E173	Aluminium	food colouring	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E174	Silver	food colouring	N/A
E175	Gold	food colouring	N/A
E180	Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK	food colouring	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E181	Tannin	food colouring	N/A
E182	Orcein, Orchil	food colouring	N/A

[edit] E200–E299 (preservatives)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E200	Sorbic acid	preservative	N/A
E201	Sodium sorbate	preservative	N/A
E202	Potassium sorbate	preservative	N/A
E203	Calcium sorbate	preservative	N/A
E209	Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate	preservative	N/A
E210	Benzoic acid	preservative	Unpermitted in UK^{[citation needed]}
E211	Sodium benzoate	preservative	N/A
E212	Potassium benzoate	preservative	N/A
E213	Calcium benzoate	preservative	N/A
E214	Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate)	preservative	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E215	Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate	preservative	N/A
E216	Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate)	preservative	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E217	Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate	preservative	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E218	Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate)	preservative	N/A
E219	Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate	preservative	N/A
E220	Sulphur dioxide	preservative	N/A
E221	Sodium sulphite	preservative	N/A
E222	Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite)	preservative	N/A
E223	Sodium metabisulphite	preservative	N/A
E224	Potassium metabisulphite	preservative	N/A
E225	Potassium sulphite	preservative	N/A
E226	Calcium sulphite	preservative	N/A
E227	Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative)	firming agent	N/A
E228	Potassium hydrogen sulphite	preservative	N/A
E230	Biphenyl, diphenyl	preservative	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E231	Orthophenyl phenol	preservative	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E232	Sodium orthophenyl phenol	preservative	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E233	Thiabendazole	preservative	N/A
E234	Nisin	preservative	N/A
E235	Natamycin, Pimaracin	preservative	N/A
E236	Formic acid	preservative	N/A
E237	Sodium formate	preservative	N/A
E238	Calcium formate	preservative	N/A
E239	Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine)	preservative	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E240	Formaldehyde	preservative	Forbidden^{[citation needed]}
E242	Dimethyl dicarbonate	preservative	N/A
E249	Potassium nitrite	preservative	N/A
E250	Sodium nitrite	preservative	N/A
E251	Sodium nitrate	preservative	N/A
E252	Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre)	preservative	N/A
E260	Acetic acid (preservative)	acidity regulator	N/A
E261	Potassium acetate (preservative)	acidity regulator	N/A
E262	Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate)	preservative, acidity regulator	N/A
E263	Calcium acetate (preservative)	acidity regulator	N/A
E264	Ammonium acetate	preservative	N/A
E265	Dehydroacetic acid	preservative	N/A
E266	Sodium dehydroacetate	preservative	N/A
E270	Lactic acid (preservative) (acid)	antioxidant	N/A
E280	Propionic acid	preservative	N/A
E281	Sodium propionate	preservative	N/A
E282	Calcium propionate	preservative	N/A
E283	Potassium propionate	preservative	N/A
E284	Boric acid	preservative	N/A
E285	Sodium tetraborate (borax)	preservative	N/A
E290	Carbon dioxide	acidity regulator	N/A
E296	Malic acid (acid)	acidity regulator	N/A
E297	Fumaric acid	acidity regulator	N/A

[edit] E300–E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E300	Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)	antioxidant	N/A
E301	Sodium ascorbate	antioxidant	N/A
E302	Calcium ascorbate	antioxidant	N/A
E303	Potassium ascorbate	antioxidant	N/A
E304	Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate	antioxidant	N/A
E305	(ii) Ascorbyl stearate	antioxidant	N/A
E306	Tocopherol-rich extract (natural)	antioxidant	N/A
E307	Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic)	antioxidant	N/A
E308	Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic)	antioxidant	N/A
E309	Delta-tocopherol (synthetic)	antioxidant	N/A
E310	Propyl gallate	antioxidant	N/A
E311	Octyl gallate	antioxidant	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E312	Dodecyl gallate	antioxidant	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E313	Ethyl gallate	antioxidant	Dangerous^{[citation needed]}
E314	Guaiac resin	antioxidant	N/A
E315	Erythorbic acid	antioxidant	N/A
E316	Sodium erythorbate	antioxidant	N/A
E317	Erythorbin acid	antioxidant	N/A
E318	Sodium erythorbin	antioxidant	N/A
E319	tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)	antioxidant	N/A
E320	Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)	antioxidant	N/A
E321	Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)	antioxidant	N/A
E322	Lecithin	emulsifier	N/A
E323	Anoxomer	antioxidant	N/A
E324	Ethoxyquin	antioxidant	N/A
E325	Sodium lactate	acidity regulator	N/A
E326	Potassium lactate (antioxidant)	acidity regulator	N/A
E327	Calcium lactate	acidity regulator	N/A
E328	Ammonium lactate	acidity regulator	N/A
E329	Magnesium lactate	acidity regulator	N/A
E330	Citric acid	acid, acidity regulator	N/A
E331	Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate)	acidity regulator	N/A
E332	Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate)	acidity regulator	N/A
E333	Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate)	acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant	N/A
E334	Tartaric acid (L(+)-)	(acid)	N/A
E335	Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E336	Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E337	Sodium potassium tartrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E338	Orthophosphoric acid	acid	N/A
E339	Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate	antioxidant	N/A
E340	Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate	antioxidant	N/A
E341	Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate	anti-caking agent, firming agent	N/A
E342	Ammonium phosphates: (i) Monoammonium orthophosphate (ii) Diammonium orthophosphate		N/A
E343	Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate	anti-caking agent	This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E344	Lecitin citrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E345	Magnesium citrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E349	Ammonium malate	acidity regulator	N/A
E350	Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate	acidity regulator	N/A
E351	Potassium malate	acidity regulator	N/A
E352	Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate	acidity regulator	N/A
E353	Metatartaric acid	emulsifier	N/A
E354	Calcium tartrate	emulsifier	N/A
E355	Adipic acid	acidity regulator	N/A
E356	Sodium adipate	acidity regulator	N/A
E357	Potassium adipate	acidity regulator	N/A
E359	Ammonium adipate	acidity regulator	N/A
E363	Succinic acid	acidity regulator	N/A
E365	Sodium fumarate	acidity regulator	N/A
E366	Potassium fumarate	acidity regulator	N/A
E367	Calcium fumarate	acidity regulator	N/A
E368	Ammonium fumarate	acidity regulator	N/A
E370	1,4-Heptonolactone	acidity regulator	N/A
E375	Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide	colour retention agent	N/A
E380	Triammonium citrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E381	Ammonium ferric citrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E383	Calcium glycerylphosphate	acidity regulator	N/A
E384	Isopropyl citrate	acidity regulator	N/A
E385	Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA)	sequestrant	N/A
E386	Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA)	sequestrant	N/A
E387	Oxystearin	stabiliser	N/A
E388	Thiodipropionic acid		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E389	Dilauryl thiodipropionate		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E390	Distearyl thiodipropionate		N/A
E391	Phytic acid		N/A
E399	Calcium lactobionate		N/A

[edit] E400–E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E400	Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E401	Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E402	Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E403	Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E404	Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E405	Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E406	Agar (thickener) (gelling agent)	stabiliser	N/A
E407	Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E407a	Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E408	Bakers yeast glycan		N/A
E409	Arabinogalactan		N/A
E410	Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E411	Oat gum (thickener)	stabiliser	N/A
E412	Guar gum (thickener)	stabiliser	N/A
E413	Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E414	Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E415	Xanthan gum (thickener)	stabiliser	N/A
E416	Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E417	Tara gum (thickener)	stabiliser	N/A
E418	Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E419	Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser)	emulsifier	N/A
E420	Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener)	humectant	N/A
E421	Mannitol (anti-caking agent)	sweetener	N/A
E422	Glycerol (emulsifier)	sweetener	N/A
E424	Curdlan		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E425	Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane	emulsifier	Unpermitted in the EU^{[citation needed]}
E426	Soybean hemicellulose
E429	Peptones		N/A
E430	Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier)	stabiliser	N/A
E431	Polyoxyethene (40) stearate	emulsifier	N/A
E432	Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20)	emulsifier	N/A
E433	Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80)	emulsifier	N/A
E434	Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40)	emulsifier	N/A
E435	Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60)	emulsifier	N/A
E436	Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65)	emulsifier	N/A
E440	Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin	emulsifier	N/A
E441	Gelatine (emulsifier)	gelling agent	N/A
E442	Ammonium phosphatides	emulsifier	N/A
E443	Brominated vegetable oil		N/A
E444	Sucrose acetate isobutyrate	emulsifier	N/A
E445	Glycerol esters of wood rosins	emulsifier	N/A
E446	Succistearin		N/A
E450	Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E451	Triphosphates (i) Sodium tripolyphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E452	Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium Polyphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E459	Beta-cyclodextrine	emulsifier	N/A
E460	Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E461	Methyl cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E462	Ethyl cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E463	Hydroxypropyl cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E464	Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, = hypromellose	emulsifier	N/A
E465	Ethyl methyl cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E466	Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E467	Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose		N/A
E468	Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose)	emulsifier	This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E469	Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose	emulsifier	N/A
E470	Salts of fatty acids with base Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K and NH4		N/A
E470a	Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E470b	Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E471	Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate)	emulsifier	N/A
E472a	Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472b	Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472c	Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472d	Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472e	Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472f	Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E472g	Succinylated monoglycerides	emulsifier	N/A
E473	Sucrose esters of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E474	Sucroglycerides	emulsifier	N/A
E475	Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E476	Polyglycerol polyricinoleate	emulsifier	N/A
E477	Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E478	Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1	emulsifier	N/A
E479b	Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	emulsifier	N/A
E480	Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate	emulsifier	N/A
E481	Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate	emulsifier	N/A
E482	Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate	emulsifier	N/A
E483	Stearyl tartrate	emulsifier	N/A
E484	Stearyl citrate	emulsifier	N/A
E485	Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate	emulsifier	N/A
E486	Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate	emulsifier	N/A
E487	Sodium laurylsulphate	emulsifier	N/A
E488	Ethoxylated Mono- and Di-Glycerides	emulsifier	N/A
E489	Methyl Glucoside - Coconut Oil Ester	emulsifier	N/A
E490	Propane-1,2-diol		N/A
E491	Sorbitan monostearate	emulsifier	N/A
E492	Sorbitan tristearate	emulsifier	N/A
E493	Sorbitan monolaurate	emulsifier	N/A
E494	Sorbitan monooleate	emulsifier	N/A
E495	Sorbitan monopalmitate	emulsifier	N/A
E496	Sorbitan trioleat	emulsifier	N/A
E497	Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers		N/A
E498	Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil		N/A
E499	Cassia gum		N/A

[edit] E500–E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E500	Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator)	raising agent	N/A
E501	Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate)	acidity regulator	N/A
E503	Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate)	acidity regulator	N/A
E504	Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate	acidity regulator, anti-caking agent	N/A
E505	Ferrous carbonate	acidity regulator	N/A
E507	Hydrochloric acid	acid	N/A
E508	Potassium chloride (gelling agent)	seasoning	N/A
E509	Calcium chloride (sequestrant)	firming agent	N/A
E510	Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator)	improving agent	N/A
E511	Magnesium chloride	firming agent	N/A
E512	Stannous chloride	antioxidant	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E513	Sulphuric acid	acid	N/A
E514	Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii)	acid	N/A
E515	Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii)		N/A
E516	Calcium sulphate		N/A
E517	Ammonium sulphate	improving agent	N/A
E518	Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator)	firming agent	N/A
E519	Copper(II) sulphate	preservative	N/A
E520	Aluminium sulphate	firming agent	N/A
E521	Aluminium sodium sulphate	firming agent	N/A
E522	Aluminium potassium sulphate	acidity regulator	N/A
E523	Aluminium ammonium sulphate	acidity regulator	N/A
E524	Sodium hydroxide	acidity regulator	N/A
E525	Potassium hydroxide	acidity regulator	N/A
E526	Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator)	firming agent	N/A
E527	Ammonium hydroxide	acidity regulator	N/A
E528	Magnesium hydroxide	acidity regulator	N/A
E529	Calcium oxide (acidity regulator)	improving agent	N/A
E530	Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E535	Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E536	Potassium ferrocyanide	anti-caking agent	N/A
E537	Ferrous hexacyanomanganate	anti-caking agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E538	Calcium ferrocyanide	anti-caking agent	N/A
E539	Sodium thiosulphate	antioxidant	N/A
E540	Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator)	emulsifier	N/A
E541	Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic	emulsifier	N/A
E542	Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E543	Calcium sodium polyphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E544	Calcium polyphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E545	Ammonium polyphosphate	emulsifier	N/A
E550	Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate	anti-caking agent	N/A
E551	Silicon dioxide (Silica)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E552	Calcium silicate	anti-caking agent	N/A
E553a	(i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate	anti-caking agent	N/A
E553b	Talc	anti-caking agent	N/A
E554	Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E555	Potassium aluminium silicate	anti-caking agent	N/A
E556	Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E557	Zinc silicate	anti-caking agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E558	Bentonite	anti-caking agent	N/A
E559	Aluminium silicate (Kaolin)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E560	Potassium silicate	anti-caking agent	N/A
E561	Vermiculite		N/A
E562	Sepiolite		N/A
E563	Sepiolitic clay		N/A
E565	Lignosulphonates		N/A
E566	Natrolite-phonolite		N/A
E570	Stearic acid (Fatty acid)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E572	Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E574	Gluconic acid	acidity regulator	N/A
E575	Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator)	sequestrant	N/A
E576	Sodium gluconate	sequestrant	N/A
E577	Potassium gluconate	sequestrant	N/A
E578	Calcium gluconate	firming agent	N/A
E579	Ferrous gluconate	food colouring	N/A
E580	Magnesium gluconate		N/A
E585	Ferrous lactate	food colouring	N/A
E586	4-Hexylresorcinol	antioxidant	N/A
E598	Synthetic calcium aluminates		N/A
E599	Perlite		N/A

[edit] E600–E699 (flavour enhancers)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E620	Glutamic acid	flavour enhancer	N/A
E621	Monosodium glutamate (MSG)	flavour enhancer	N/A
E622	Monopotassium glutamate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E623	Calcium diglutamate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E624	Monoammonium glutamate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E625	Magnesium diglutamate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E626	Guanylic acid	flavour enhancer	N/A
E627	Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E628	Dipotassium guanylate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E629	Calcium guanylate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E630	Inosinic acid	flavour enhancer	N/A
E631	Disodium inosinate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E632	Dipotassium inosinate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E633	Calcium inosinate	flavour enhancer	N/A
E634	Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides	flavour enhancer	N/A
E635	Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides	flavour enhancer	N/A
E636	Maltol	flavour enhancer	N/A
E637	Ethyl maltol	flavour enhancer	N/A
E640	Glycine and its sodium salt	flavour enhancer	N/A
E641	L-leucine	flavour enhancer	N/A
E642	Lysine hydrochloride	flavour enhancer	N/A
E650	Zinc acetate	flavour enhancer	N/A

[edit] E700–E799 (antibiotics)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E700	Bacitracin
E701	Tetracyclines		N/A
E710	Spiramycins		N/A
E711	Virginiamicins		N/A
E712	Flavophospholipol
E713	Tylosin		N/A
E714	Monensin
E715	Avoparcin
E716	Salinomycin
E717	Avilamycin

[edit] E900–E999 (miscellaneous)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E900	Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent)	anti-caking agent	N/A
E901	Beeswax , white and yellow	glazing agent	N/A
E902	Candelilla wax	glazing agent	N/A
E903	Carnauba wax	glazing agent	N/A
E904	Shellac	glazing agent	N/A
E905	Paraffins		N/A
E905a	Mineral oil	anti-foaming agent	N/A
E905b	Petrolatum		N/A
E905c	Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline wax (ii) Paraffin wax	glazing agent	N/A
E906	Gum benzoic	flavour enhancer	N/A
E907	Crystalline wax	glazing agent	N/A
E908	Rice bran wax	glazing agent	N/A
E909	Spermaceti wax	glazing agent	N/A
E910	Wax esters	glazing agent	N/A
E911	Methyl esters of fatty acids	glazing agent	N/A
E912	Montan wax	glazing agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E913	Lanolin, sheep wool grease	glazing agent	N/A
E914	Oxidized polyethylene wax	glazing agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E915	Esters of colophony	glazing agent	N/A
E916	Calcium iodate		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E917	Potassium iodate		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E918	Nitrogen oxides		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E919	Nitrosyl chloride		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E920	L-cysteine	improving agent	N/A
E921	L-cystine	improving agent	N/A
E922	Potassium persulfate	improving agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E923	Ammonium persulfate	improving agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E924	Potassium bromate	improving agent	N/A
E924b	Calcium bromate	improving agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E925	Chlorine	preservative, bleach, improving agent	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E926	Chlorine dioxide (preservative)	bleach	Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E927a	Azodicarbonamide	improving agent	N/A
E927b	Carbamide (urea)	improving agent	N/A
E928	Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent)	bleach	N/A
E929	Acetone peroxide		Unpermitted^{[citation needed]}
E930	Calcium peroxide (improving agent)	bleach	N/A
E938	Argon	packaging gas	N/A
E939	Helium	packaging gas	N/A
E940	Dichlorodifluoromethane	packaging gas	Rarely used
E941	Nitrogen (packaging gas)	propellant	N/A
E942	Nitrous oxide	propellant	N/A
E943a	Butane	propellant	N/A
E943b	Isobutane	propellant	N/A
E944	Propane	propellant	N/A
E945	Chloropentafluoroethane	propellant	N/A
E946	Octafluorocyclobutane	propellant	N/A
E948	Oxygen	packaging gas	N/A
E949	Hydrogen	packaging gas	N/A
E950	Acesulfame potassium	sweetener	N/A
E951	Aspartame	sweetener
E952	Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate	sweetener	N/A
E953	Isomalt, Isomaltitol	sweetener	N/A
E954	Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts	sweetener	N/A
E955	Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose)	sweetener	N/A
E956	Alitame	sweetener	N/A
E957	Thaumatin (sweetener)	flavour enhancer	N/A
E958	Glycyrrhizin (sweetener)	flavour enhancer	N/A
E959	Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener)	flavour enhancer	N/A
E960	Stevioside	sweetener	N/A
E961	Neotame	sweetener	N/A
E962	Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener)	stabiliser	N/A
E965	Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser)	humectant	N/A
E966	Lactitol	sweetener	N/A
E967	Xylitol	sweetener	N/A
E968	Erythritol	humectant	N/A
E999	Quillaia extract	foaming agent	N/A

[edit] E1000–E1999 (additional chemicals)

Code	Name	Purpose	Status
E1000	Cholic acid	emulsifier	N/A
E1001	Choline salts	emulsifier	N/A
E1100	Amylase	stabiliser, flavour enhancer	N/A
E1101	Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin)	stabiliser, flavour enhancer	N/A
E1102	Glucose oxidase	antioxidant	N/A
E1103	Invertase	stabiliser	N/A
E1104	Lipases		N/A
E1105	Lysozyme	preservative	N/A
E1200	Polydextrose	stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier	N/A
E1201	Polyvinylpyrrolidone	stabiliser	N/A
E1202	Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier)	stabiliser	N/A
E1203	Polyvinyl alcohol		N/A
E1204	Pullulan		N/A
E1400	Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch white and yellow) (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1401	Modified starch ((Acid-treated starch) stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1402	Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1403	Bleached starch (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1404	Oxidized starch (emulsifier)	thickening agent	N/A
E1405	Enzyme treated starch		N/A
E1410	Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1411	Distarch glycerol (thickening agent)	emulsifier	N/A
E1412	Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1413	Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1414	Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier)	thickening agent	N/A
E1420	Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1421	Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1422	Acetylated Distarch Adipate (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1423	Acetylated distarch glycerol	thickening agent	N/A
E1430	Distarch glycerine (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1440	Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier)	thickening agent	N/A
E1441	Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1442	Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1443	Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol		N/A
E1450	Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser)	thickening agent	N/A
E1451	Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier)	thickening agent	N/A
E1501	Benzylated hydrocarbons		N/A
E1502	Butane-1, 3-diol		N/A
E1503	Castor oil	resolving agent	N/A
E1504	Ethyl acetate	flavour solvent	N/A
E1505	Triethyl citrate	foam stabiliser	N/A
E1510	Ethanol		N/A
E1516	Glyceryl monoacetate	flavour solvent	N/A
E1517	Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin	flavour solvent	N/A
E1518	Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin	humectant	N/A
E1519	Benzyl alcohol		N/A
E1520	Propylene glycol	humectant	N/A
E1521	Polyethylene glycerol		N/A
E1525	Hydroxyethyl cellulose	thickening agent	N/A

[edit] Notes

2. Codex Alimentarius - http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/CXS_192e.pdf 1 June 2009

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[0] UK Food Standards Agency

[1] European Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners

[2] ttp://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php

[ncsi-3] Codex Alimentarius. "Noms de Categorie et Systeme International de Numerotation des Additifs Alimentaires". http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/7/cxg_036f.pdf. Retrieved 2 April 2009.

[1]

[2]

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