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In the Vedic pantheon Dyauṣ Pitṛ is the Sky Father, divine consort of the Prithvi and father of Agni, Indra (RV 4.17.4) and Ushas, the daughter representing dawn. In archaic Vedic lore, Dyaus Pitṛ and Prithivi Matṛ were one, single composite dvandva entity, named as the Dyavaprthivi. Etymologically, Dyaus is derived from Proto-Indo-European root word morpheme *Diw- with the meaning to shine. Words related to Dyaus in Sankrit include Divasa (Day), Dik (Direction) etc. According to one version[clarification needed] of Creation as embodied in the Rg Veda (RV), mortal life emerged from the procreation by Dyausa Pita, whereby the mother Earth, goddess Prithivi was impregnated by the Dyauṣ Pitṛ by way of rains. Dyauṣ Pitṛ is the Sanskrit version of the Proto-Indo-European sky god concept personified by *Dyeus, who appears in many other Indo-European religions with similar attributes. Dyeus was addressed as Dyeu Ph2ter, literally "Sky Father" or "shining father", as reflected in Latin Jupiter, Dispater and deus pater, Greek Zeu pater. In his aspect as a father god, his consort was Pltwih2 Mh2ter, "Earth Mother". Related names to Dyauṣ Pitṛ appear in the Greek as Zeus pater (accusative Día, genitive Diós), in Latin as Jupiter (from archaic Latin Iove pater, "Sky father"), in Slavic mythology as Div, and Germanic and Norse mythology as Tyr or Ziu. In the Rig Veda, Dyaus Pitar appears in hymns 1.89, 1.90, 1.164, 1.191 and 4.1 in simple invocations. In RV 1.89.4b, Pitar Dyaus meaning the "Father Sky" appears alongside Mata Prithvi "Mother Earth". In the Purusha Suktam, Dyaus is described to have been created from the head of the primaeval being, the Purusha. Dyauṣ Pitṛ has been depicted during the day-time as a red bull who bellows thunder (in juxtaposition to the Pritvi Mata, represented as a cow), or as the night heavens in form of a black horse adorned with pearls, symbolizing the stars. The dark Dyausa also holds a thunder-stone. In art, Dyausa appears in both the above two different forms. Details of the Dyauṣ Pitṛ myth are sketchy. Ultimately, Dyaus is taken as having been killed by Indra, his elder son, who throws him out of the sky to fall to death (RV 4.18.12). Thomas Oberlies tentatively identifies Dyaus with an Asura in pre-vedic religion, who was also slain by Indra. But the hypothesis remains largely unsupported. [edit] References
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