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His Royal Highness The Duke of York visits SickKids sickkids.ca | His Royal Highness The Duke of York visits SickKids sickkids.on.ca | His Royal Highness The Duke of York visits SickKids sickkids.org | - Newsitem Raise a Glass for the Duke of York Pub,... michaelsobellhouse.co.uk |
 See also: Duke of York's For the nursery rhyme, see The Grand Old Duke of York. The title Duke of York is a title of nobility in the British peerage. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of the British monarch. Since the second creation (1474), not one of the holders of the title has ever passed it on: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves. The current Duke of York is The Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. Andrew currently has no male heirs. The wife of the Duke of York is known as the Duchess of York.
[edit] HistoryIn medieval times, York was the main town of Northern England, and Yorkshire was England's largest shire. In the interval between the fall of Jorvik under Eirik Bloodaxe, last King of Jorvik, and the first creation of the Dukedom of York, there were a few Earls of York. The title Duke of York was first created in the Peerage of England for Edmund of Langley, the fourth surviving son of Edward III, and an important character in Shakespeare's Richard II. His son Edward, who inherited the title, was killed at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. The title passed to his nephew Richard, the son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (who had been executed for plotting against King Henry V). The younger Richard managed to obtain a restoration of the title, but when his eldest son, who inherited the title, became King in 1461 as Edward IV, the title merged into the Crown. The title was next created for Richard of Shrewsbury, second son of King Edward IV. Richard was one of the Princes in the Tower, and, as he died without heirs, the title became extinct at his death. The next creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of King Henry VII. When his elder brother Arthur, Prince of Wales, died in 1502, Henry became heir to the throne. When Henry ultimately became King Henry VIII, his titles merged into the crown. The title was created for the fourth time for Charles Stuart, second son of James I. When his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, died in 1612, Charles became heir. He was created Prince of Wales in 1616 and eventually became Charles I in 1625 when the title again merged into the Crown. The fifth creation was in favour of James Stuart, the second son of Charles I. The city and state of New York in what is now the United States of America were named for this particular Duke of York. When his elder brother, King Charles II, died without heirs, James succeeded to the throne as King James II, and the title once again merged into the Crown. In the early 18th century, the Jacobite claimant to the throne, James Francis Edward Stuart, son of James II, granted the title "Duke of York" (in the Jacobite Peerage) to his own second son, Henry. James Francis Edward Stuart was known to those who rejected his claims as "The Old Pretender"; his elder son Charles was called "The Young Pretender", and "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and the younger son, Henry, who became a Roman Catholic cardinal, was known as the Cardinal Duke of York. To the Jacobites, they were Kings James III, Charles III, and Henry IX, respectively. (From the Jacobite perspective, this creation of the title merged into the Crown with Charles's death without legitimate issue, and Henry's succession to his rights.) During the 18th century the Dukedom of York and Albany was created a number of times in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was first held by Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Osnabrück, the youngest brother of King George I. He died without heirs. The second creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for Prince Edward, younger brother of King George III, who also died without heirs, having never married. The third and last creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for Prince Frederick Augustus, the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the British Army for many years, and was the original "Grand old Duke of York" in the popular rhyme. He too died without heirs. The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York was for Prince George of Wales, second son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII. He was created Duke of York following the death of his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence. The title merged with the crown when George succeeded his father as King George V. The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of the future King Edward VIII. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name George VI, the Dukedom then merging into the crown. The most recent creation was for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of the present day, he only has two daughters. Thus, if he has no future sons, which seems likely, the title will become extinct at his death. If the tradition of awarding the title to the second son of the monarch were to continue, the title would then be awarded to Prince Harry, the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, the current heir apparent to the throne. Titles are traditionally given on marriage and if Harry's marriage predated Andrew's death, another title would presumably be awarded instead (following the precedent of the Earldom of Wessex being awarded to the current Duke of York's brother, Prince Edward, with the promise of the Dukedom of Edinburgh being granted to him at a later date, Prince Harry may be created an Earl with the expectation of being created Duke of York on his uncle's death). Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs. This has fuelled the rumour that there is a curse on the title. [edit] Dukes[edit] Dukes of York[edit] First creation, 1385–1415, 1425–1461
[edit] Second creation, 1474–1483
[edit] Third creation, 1494–1509
[edit] Fourth creation, 1605–1625
[edit] Fifth creation, (1633) 1644–1685
[edit] Dukes of York and AlbanyAfter the Union of Great Britain, the Hanoverian kings liked to grant double titles (one from one constituent country, one from another) to emphasise unity. [edit] First creation, 1716–1728
[edit] Second creation, 1760–1767
[edit] Third creation, 1784–1827
[edit] Dukes of YorkAfter Queen Victoria decided against awarding the available dukedom to her second son as was traditional (possibly due to its Hanoverian connections), she eventually granted the dukedom of York (alone, rather than "York and Albany") to her eldest son's second (but by then eldest living) son. [edit] Sixth creation, 1892–1910
[edit] Seventh creation, 1920–1936
[edit] Eighth creation, 1986–Present
[edit] Possible future of the titleUnder current law the eighth creation will become extinct on Andrew's death (unless he previously remarries and has a son), and the right to re-grant the title will revert to the Crown; the then monarch will most likely follow tradition and create his own second son Duke of York. If Charles is king, the title will thus go to his second son Prince Harry. However, if by this time Prince Harry has already been conferred with a Dukedom (such as Cambridge or Sussex), the title will be reserved for future use. The dukedoms of York, Cornwall, Lancaster, Clarence, and Gloucester compose the original group created between 1337 and 1385. Prince Charles is the Duke of Cornwall, The Queen is the Duke of Lancaster, and Prince Richard is the Duke of Gloucester. The only one of these titles not currently extant is Clarence, last held by Queen Victoria's grandson who died in 1892. Prince Andrew is not likely to be the last Duke of York. [edit] External links[edit] See also
Places named after Dukes of York:
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