Domingo Martínez de Irala (c. 1509 Vergara,Guipuscoa – c. 1556 Asuncion, Paraguay) was a Spanish Basque conquistador.

He headed for the Americas in 1535 enrolled in the expedition of Pedro de Mendoza and participated in the founding of Buenos Aires. He explored the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers along with Juan de Ayolas and was commanding the rear-guard when Ayolas's advance party were wiped out by the Payagua indians.

Unique in Spanish America, the colony had been granted by Charles V the right to elect its own commander under such circumstances;^[1][2] and in August 1538, de Irala was elected by the conquistadors as Captain General of the Río de la Plata.

In 1539, he began to move the inhabitants of Buenos Aires to Asunción, and the city was abandoned by 1541.

He outlasted the Charles V's appointment, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, whom he had removed to Spain for trial as a traitor. Although Juan de Sanabria and his son Diego were appointed governor in 1547 and 1549, they never fulfilled their commissions, and de Irala was confirmed by the king as governor in 1552.

He ruled forcefully until his death around 1556. During his rule, he had churches and public buildings erected, towns established, and the native population subjugated and distributed among the colonists in encomiendas. He was succeeded by Gonzalo de Mendoza.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Abente, Diego (1989) "The Liberal Republic and the Failure of Democracy" The Americas 45(4): pp. 525-546, pages 525-526
2. ^ Rivarola, Juan Bautista (1952) La Ciudad de Asunción y la Cédula Real del 12 Setiembre de 1537: Una Lucha por la Libertad (The City of Asunción and the Royal Decree of 12 September 1537: A Fight for Freedom) A. G., Impr. Militar, Asunción, Paraguay, OCLC 10830133, in Spanish

[edit] Sources

• Maura, Juan Francisco (2008) Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: El gran burlador de América Publicaciones de Parnaseo, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, in Spanish
• Infoplease
• 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica