Demyelinating disease
Classification and external resources
Photomicrograph of a demyelinating MS-Lesion. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 highlights numerous macrophages (brown). Original magnification 10×.
ICD-10	G35.-G37., G61.0
ICD-9	340-341, 357.0
MeSH	D003711

A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.^[1] This impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, causing impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved.

The term describes the effect of the disease, rather than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by genetics, some by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors. Organophosphates, a class of chemicals which are the active ingredients in commercial insecticides such as sheep dip, weed-killers, and flea treatment preparations for pets, etc., will also demyelinate nerves.

Neuroleptics can cause demyelination.^[2]

Contents 1 Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system 2 Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system 3 See also 4 References

[edit] Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

• multiple sclerosis (together with the similar diseases called idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases)
• transverse myelitis
• Devic's disease
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Optic neuritis
• Leukodystrophies

[edit] Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system

• Guillain-Barré syndrome and its chronic counterpart, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
• anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

[edit] See also

• Multiple sclerosis borderline
• The Lesion Project (multiple sclerosis)
• The Myelin Project
• The Myelin Repair Foundation

[edit] References

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G04–G47, 323–349) Inflammation Brain Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic) Spinal cord Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis Both/either Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) Meningoencephalitis Brain/ encephalopathy Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease: Parkinsonism (PD, Postencephalitic, NMS) · PKAN · Tauopathy (PSP) · Striatonigral degeneration · Hemiballismus · HD · OA Dyskinesia: Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) · Chorea (Choreoathetosis) · Myoclonus (Myoclonic epilepsy) Tremor (Essential tremor, Intention tremor) · Restless legs · Stiff person Dementia Tauopathy: Alzheimer's (Early-onset) · Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Pick's, Dementia with Lewy bodies) Multi-infarct dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh's Demyelinating autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary (Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, PMD, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease · Alpers' Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizure/epilepsy Focal · Generalised · Status epilepticus · Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) · Cluster · Tension Cerebrovascular TIA (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Stroke (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke) Sleep disorders Insomnia · Hypersomnia · Sleep apnea (Obstructive, Ondine's curse) · Narcolepsy · Cataplexy · Kleine-Levin · Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (Advanced sleep phase syndrome, Delayed sleep phase syndrome, Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, Jet lag) CSF Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/NPH, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation · Reye's · Hepatic encephalopathy · Toxic encephalopathy Spinal cord/ myelopathy Syringomyelia · Syringobulbia · Morvan's syndrome · Vascular myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome) · Spinal cord compression Both/either Degenerative SA Friedreich's ataxia · Ataxia telangiectasia MND UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP LMN only: PMA · PBP (Fazio-Londe, Infantile progressive bulbar palsy) · SMA (SMN-linked, Kennedy disease, SMAX2, DSMA1) both: ALS central nervous system navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

v • d • e Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of CNS (G35–G37, 340–341) Signs and symptoms Ataxia · Depression · Diplopia · Dysarthria · Dysphagia · Fatigue · Incontinence · Neurological fatigue · Nystagmus · Optic neuritis · Pain · Uhthoff's phenomenon · Dawson's fingers Diagnosis and evolution following McDonald criteria · Poser criteria · EDSS · Clinically isolated syndrome Investigation Pathophysiology · Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Treatment Interferon · Glatiramer acetate · Mitoxantrone · Natalizumab · Therapies under investigation Borderline forms Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis · Balo concentric sclerosis · Neuromyelitis optica · Guillain-Barré syndrome · Marburg multiple sclerosis · Schilder's disease · Tumefactive multiple sclerosis Other List of people with multiple sclerosis · List of multiple sclerosis organizations

v • d • e Nervous system pathology, PNS, Somatic (G50–G64, 350–357) Nerve, nerve root, plexus Cranial nerve disease V (Trigeminal neuralgia) · VII (Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven) · XI (Accessory nerve disorder) Radiculopathy, plexopathy brachial plexus (Brachial plexus lesion, Thoracic outlet syndrome) · Phantom limb Mono- neuropathy Upper limb median nerve (Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ape hand deformity) ulnar nerve (Ulnar nerve entrapment, Froment's sign, Guyon's canal syndrome, Ulnar claw) radial nerve (Radial neuropathy, Wrist drop) long thoracic nerve (Winged scapula) Lower limb lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (Meralgia paraesthetica) tibial nerve (Tarsal tunnel syndrome) plantar nerve (Morton's neuroma) superior gluteal nerve (Trendelenburg's sign) sciatic nerve (Piriformis syndrome) General Causalgia · Mononeuritis multiplex · Neuropathy (Neuralgia/Neuritis) Polyneuropathies/ Polyradiculoneuropathy HMSN Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease · Dejerine Sottas syndrome · Refsum's disease · Hereditary spastic paraplegia Autoimmune/demyelinating Guillain–Barré syndrome · Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Other Alcoholic polyneuropathy peripheral nervous system navs: anat/histo/physio/dev, noncongen PNS somatic/autonomic/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

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