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Decapoda
	"Decapoda" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia;
Phylum:	Arthropoda;
Subphylum:	Crustacea;
Class:	Malacostraca;
Superorder:	Eucarida;
Order:	Decapoda; Latreille, 1802
Suborders
	Dendrobranchiata; Pleocyemata; See text for superfamilies.

For other meanings of decapod, see decapod.

The decapods or Decapoda (literally means "ten footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. It is estimated that the order contains nearly 15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with apprioximately 3,300 fossil species ^[1]. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimps (c. 3000 species) and Anomura (including hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters: c. 2500 species), making up the bulk of the remainder ^[1].

[edit] Anatomy

Main article: Decapod anatomy

As their name implies, all decapods have ten legs; these are five pairs of thoracic appendages on the last five thoracic segments. The front three pairs function as mouthparts and are generally referred to as maxillipeds, the remainder being pereiopods. In many decapods, however, one pair of legs has enlarged pincers; the claws are called chelae, so those legs may be called chelipeds. Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment capable of carrying a pair of biramous pleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan (together with the telson) and are called uropods.

[edit] Classification

Classification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop, giving rise to two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Dendrobranchiata consists of prawns, including many species colloquially referred to as "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp. Pleocyemata includes the remaining groups, including true shrimp.

The following classification to the level of superfamilies follows Martin and Davis ^[2], with some changes based on more recent morphological and molecular studies ^[3]^[4]^[5].

Whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Spotted cleaner shrimp, Periclimenes yucatanicus

California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus

Australian land hermit crab, Coenobita variabilis

Blue crab, Callinectes sapidus

Lyreidus tridentatus

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802

Suborder Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888—prawns
- Superfamily Penaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Sergestoidea Dana, 1852
Suborder Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963
- Infraorder Stenopodidea Claus, 1872
- Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852—true shrimp
  - Superfamily Procaridoidea Chace & Manning, 1972
  - Superfamily Galatheacaridoidea Vereshchaka, 1997
  - Superfamily Pasiphaeoidea Dana, 1852
  - Superfamily Oplophoroidea Dana, 1852
  - Superfamily Atyoidea de Haan, 1849
  - Superfamily Bresilioidea Calman, 1896
  - Superfamily Nematocarcinoidea Smith, 1884
  - Superfamily Psalidopodoidea Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1892
  - Superfamily Stylodactyloidea Bate, 1888
  - Superfamily Campylonotoidea Sollaud, 1913
  - Superfamily Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Alpheoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Superfamily Processoidea Ortmann, 1890
  - Superfamily Pandaloidea Haworth, 1825
  - Superfamily Crangonoidea Haworth, 1825
- Infraorder Eryonoidea de Haan, 1841
- Infraorder Achelata Scholtz & Richter, 1995
- Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802—lobsters and crayfish
  - Superfamily Enoplometopoidea de Saint Laurent, 1988
  - Superfamily Glypheoidea Winkler, 1883
  - Superfamily Nephropoidea Dana, 1852
  - Superfamily Astacoidea Latreille, 1802
  - Superfamily Parastacoidea Huxley, 1879
- Infraorder Thalassinidea Latreille, 1831
  - Superfamily Thalassinoidea Latreille, 1831
  - Superfamily Callianassoidea Dana, 1852
  - Superfamily Axioidea Huxley, 1879
- Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838
  - Superfamily Lomisoidea Bouvier, 1895
  - Superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819—squat lobsters
  - Superfamily Hippoidea Latreille, 1825
  - Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802—hermit crabs
- Infraorder Brachyura Linnaeus, 1758—crabs
  - Section Cyclodorippoida Guinot, 1977
    - Superfamily Cyclodorippoidea Ortmann, 1892
  - Section Dromiacea Guinot, 1977
    - Superfamily Homolodromioidea Alcock, 1900
    - Superfamily Dromioidea de Haan, 1833
    - Superfamily Homoloidea de Haan, 1839
  - Section Raninoida Guinot, 1977
    - Superfamily Raninoidea de Haan, 1839
  - Section Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980
    - Superfamily Dorippoidea MacLeay, 1838
    - Superfamily Calappoidea Milne Edwards, 1837
    - Superfamily Leucosioidea Samouelle, 1819
    - Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819
    - Superfamily Aethroidea Dana, 1851
    - Superfamily Hymenosomatoidea MacLeay, 1838
    - Superfamily Parthenopoidea MacLeay, 1838
    - Superfamily Retroplumoidea Gill, 1894
    - Superfamily Cancroidea Latreille, 1802
    - Superfamily Corystoidea Samouelle, 1819
    - Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Bythograeoidea Williams, 1980
    - Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838
    - Superfamily Bellioidea Dana, 1852
    - Superfamily Potamoidea Ortmann, 1896
    - Superfamily Pseudothelphusoidea Ortmann, 1893
    - Superfamily Gecarcinucoidea Rathbun, 1904
    - Superfamily Cryptochiroidea Paulson, 1875
    - Superfamily Pinnotheroidea de Haan, 1833
    - Superfamily Ocypodoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838

[edit] See also

List of Atlantic decapod species

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf.
^ J. W. Martin & G. E. Davis (2001) (PDF). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp. http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf.
^ Dixon, C. J., F. R. Schram & S. T. Ahyong (2004). "A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny". Crustaceana 76 (8): 935–975. doi:10.1163/156854003771997846.
^ Porter, M. L., M. Pérez-Losada & K. A. Crandall (2005). "Model-based multi-locus estimation of decapod phylogeny and divergence times". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 355–369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.021.
^ Peter K. L. Ng, Daniele Guinot & Peter J.F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An Annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 17: 1–286.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Decapoda

Wikispecies has information related to: Decapoda

Decapoda at the Open Directory Project

[Grave-0] Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf.

[M.26D-1] J. W. Martin & G. E. Davis (2001) (PDF). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp. http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf.

[2] Dixon, C. J., F. R. Schram & S. T. Ahyong (2004). "A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny". Crustaceana 76 (8): 935–975. doi:10.1163/156854003771997846.

[3] Porter, M. L., M. Pérez-Losada & K. A. Crandall (2005). "Model-based multi-locus estimation of decapod phylogeny and divergence times". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 355–369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.021.

[4] Peter K. L. Ng, Daniele Guinot & Peter J.F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part 1. An Annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 17: 1–286.

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Contents

[edit] Anatomy

[edit] Classification

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links