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& Herbs, Inc. : Gong Lao Ye, Ilex cornuta leaf, Whole Herb (may... ancientway.com |
The Navassa Island Iguana (Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis) was a subspecies of Rhinoceros Iguana of the genus Cyclura that was found on the Caribbean island of Navassa. It is most likely extinct, as a wild specimen has not been observed on the island in over 50 years.
[edit] TaxonomyThe generic name (Cyclura) is derived from the Ancient Greek cyclos (κύκλος) meaning "circular" and ourá (οὐρά) meaning "tail", after the thick-ringed tail characteristic of all Cyclura.[2] Its specific name, cornuta, is from from the Latin word cornutus, meaning "horned" and refers to the horned projections on the snouts of males of the species. The species was first described by American herpetologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1885.[1] Cope first described the lizard as Cyclura nigerrima, due to the animal's almost black coloration, and renamed it a year later as C. onchiopsis.[1][3] Herpetologists Albert Schwartz and Richard Thomas officially reclassified it as a subspecies of C. cornuta 90 years later, based on the writings of Thomas Barbour and Robert Mertens, yet presented numerous data relating to scale count that suggested otherwise.[4] In 1977, Schwartz and Carey wrote “It is even conceivable that onchiopsis should be considered a species distinct from C. cornuta on the basis of this single character (distinctly smaller dorsolateral scales) (plus perhaps other modalities), but to do so would obscure its obvious affinities with the latter species.”[5] In 1999, Dr Robert Powell wrote that, based on these prior studies, this animal should be elevated to full species status, distinct from C. cornuta.[6] [edit] DescriptionThese lizards varied in length from 2 to 4½ feet, with skin colors ranging from a steely gray to a dark green and even brown, and possessed a bony-plated pseudo-horn or outgrowth which resembled the horn of a rhinoceros.[7] [edit] StatusNavassa Island was visited in 1966 and 1967 and no animals were present.[8] An entomologist visited the island again in 1986 and saw no signs of any iguanas although he was not specifically looking for them.[8] An extensive search again in 1999 failed to find any iguanas.[6] Military occupation of the island prior to the 1960s may have been responsible for its demise, or years of mining guano for fertilizer; the introduction of feral dogs, goats, and rats may have also been to blame.[7][5][9] Dr Robert Powell's research while at the Department of Natural Sciences, Avila College, Kansas City, Missouri, suggests that the animals disappeared before the introduction of feral species, as a result of habitat change or hunting by man.[6] Noted herpetoculturist David Blair maintains that some of these animals may remain in captivity somewhere in the world but admits they would be very aged specimens.[8][6] [edit] References
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