peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)
Ribbon diagram of cyclophilin A in complex with ciclosporin (yellow). From PDB 1CWA.
Identifiers
Symbol	PPIA
Entrez	5478
HUGO	9253
OMIM	123840
RefSeq	NM_203430
UniProt	Q3KQW3
Other data
EC number	5.2.1.8
Locus	Chr. 7 p13

peptidylprolyl isomerase D (cyclophilin D)
Identifiers
Symbol	PPID
Entrez	5481
HUGO	9257
OMIM	601753
RefSeq	NM_005038
UniProt	Q08752
Other data
Locus	Chr. 4 q31.3

Cyclophilins, abbreviated Cyp (not to be confused with CYP, which is the approved abbreviation for cytochrome P450), are proteins that bind to ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant which is usually used to suppress rejection after internal organ transplants. These proteins have peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity, which catalyzes the isomerization of peptide bonds from trans form to cis form at proline residues and facilitates protein folding.

[edit] Cyclophilin A

Human peptidylprolyl isomerase A, which exists in cytosol, has a beta barrel structure with two alpha helices and a beta-sheet. Other cyclophilins have similar structures to cyclophilin A. The ciclosporin-cyclophilin A complex inhibits a calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, the inhibition of which is thought to suppress organ rejection by halting the production of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF alpha and interleukin 2.

[edit] Cyclophilin D

Cyclophilin D, which is located in the matrix of mitochondria, is a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The pore opening raises the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, allows influx of cytosolic molecules into the mitochondrial matrix, increases the matrix volume, and disrupts the mitochondrial outer membrane. As a result, the mitochondria fall into a functional disorder, so the opening of the pore plays an important role in cell death. Cyclophilin D is thought to regulate the opening of the pore because cyclosporin, which binds to CyP-D, inhibits the pore opening.

[edit] External links

• MeSH Cyclophilins

v • d • e Isomerases: geometric (EC 5.2) 5.2.1 FKBP: FKBP1A · FKBP1B · FKBP2 · FKBP3 · FKBP5 · FKBP6 · FKBP8 · FKBP9 · FKBP10 · FKBP52 · FKBPL other: Cyclophilin · Parvulin · Prolyl isomerase

v • d • e Transmembrane receptors: immune receptors Cytokine receptor Type I Interleukins (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 21, 23, 27) CSF receptors (EPO, GM-CSF, G-CSF) GH · prolactin · Oncostatin M · Leukemia inhibitory factor common subunits (Common gamma chain, common beta chain, gp130) Type II Interleukins (10, 20, 22, 28) · interferon (-α/β, -γ) Ig superfamily CSF1 · C-kit · IL-1 · IL-18 TNF CD27 · CD30 · CD40 · CD120 · Lymphotoxin β Chemokines IL-8 (α, β), CCR1,CXCR4 Other IL-17 · TGF-beta (1, 2) · Thrombopoietin Other endogenous Fc receptor Epsilon (ε) FcεRI · FcεRII Gamma (γ) FcγRI · FcγRII · FcγRIII · Neonatal Alpha (α)/mu (μ) FcαRI · Fcα/μR Lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 · L-selectin · integrin (VLA-4, LFA-1) Other Complement · Immunophilins (Cyclophilin) · Integrin · Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like · Scavenger Exogenous Pattern recognition/Toll-like TLR 1 · TLR 2 · TLR 3 · TLR 4 · TLR 5 · TLR 6 · TLR 7 · TLR 8 · TLR 9 · TLR 10 Antigen receptor B-cell · T cell Other Formyl peptide