Leonard Constant Lambert (23 August 1905 – 21 August 1951) was a British composer and conductor.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 Later life 5 Major works 6 References 7 External links 8 Bibliography

[edit] Early life

Lambert was the son of Russian-born Australian painter George Lambert. Educated at Christ's Hospital and the Royal College of Music, Lambert was a prodigy, writing orchestral works from the age of 13, and at 20 received a commission to write a ballet for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes (Romeo and Juliet).

For a few years he enjoyed a meteoric celebrity, including participating in a recording of William Walton's Façade with Edith Sitwell.^[1] Lambert's most famous composition is The Rio Grande for piano solo, chorus and orchestra. A recording survives with Hamilton Harty as the soloist and the Hallé Orchestra conducted by the composer. Lambert had a great interest in American Negro music, and once said that he would have ideally liked The Rio Grande to feature a black choir.^[2]

[edit] Career

During the 1930s, his career as a conductor took off with his appointment with the Vic-Wells ballet (later The Royal Ballet), but his career as a composer stagnated. His major choral work Summer's Last Will and Testament (after the play of the same name by Thomas Nashe), one of his most emotionally dark works, proved unfashionable in the mood following the death of the King (George V), but Alan Frank hailed it at the time as Lambert's "finest work".^[3] Lambert himself considered he had failed as a composer, and completed only two major works in the remaining sixteen years of his life. Instead he concentrated on conducting, and appeared at Covent Garden and in BBC broadcasts, and accompanied the ballet in European and American tours.

The war took its toll of his vitality and creativity, and his health declined with the development of diabetes which remained untreated for years owing to his fear of doctors, stemming from childhood.

Lambert was famous in his day as a raconteur and, unusually for an Englishman, as an expert on many different arts, and on modern European culture.^[4] He was also one of the first "serious" composers to understand fully the importance of jazz and popular culture in the music of his time. This is illustrated by his book Music Ho! (1934), subtitled "a study of music in decline", which remains one of the wittiest, if highly opinionated, volumes of music criticism in the English language.

He was at the centre of a brilliant literary and intellectual circle including Michael Ayrton, Sacheverell Sitwell and Anthony Powell, and despite Powell's denial, he is often said to be the prototype of the character Hugh Moreland in Powell's A Dance to the Music of Time.

As a conductor he had an instinctive appreciation of Liszt, Chabrier, Waldteufel and romantic Russian composers, and made fine recordings of some of their works. However, it was only when his health was declining that his career had a chance to flourish with the development of the BBC Third Programme and the Philharmonia Orchestra, having struggled for many years to extract vital performances from second-rate ensembles.

[edit] Personal life

Lambert was married twice. His first marriage was to Florence Kaye^[5], and they had a son, Kit Lambert (born in 1935). In 1947 he married the artist Isabel Nichols, with whom he had a daughter, actress Anne Lambert. After Constant Lambert's death, Isabel married Alan Rawsthorne. Lambert had an on-and-off affair with the ballet dancer Margot Fonteyn which began when Fonteyn was only 17 years old. It was rumored at the time that Fonteyn became pregnant to Lambert but had an abortion. According to friends of Fonteyn, Constant was the great love of her life and she despaired when she finally realised he would never marry her. Some aspects of this relationship were symbolised in his ballet Horoscope (1938).

[edit] Later life

Lambert died on 21 August 1951, two days short of his forty-sixth birthday, of pneumonia and undiagnosed diabetes complicated by acute alcoholism, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. His son Kit was buried in the same grave in 1983.

[edit] Major works

Ballets:

• Romeo and Juliet (1925)
• Pomona (1927)
• Horoscope (1938)
• Tiresias (1950)

Choral and vocal:

• Eight poems of Li Po (1928)
• The Rio Grande (1929) (based on a poem by Sacheverell Sitwell)
• Summer's Last Will and Testament (1936; to words by Thomas Nashe)
• Dirge from Cymbeline (1947)

Orchestral:

• Piano Concerto (1924) (ed. Shipley/Easterbrook - premiered Mark Gasser 2001 Christ's Hospital)
• The Bird Actors Overture (1924)
• Music for Orchestra (1927)
• Aubade Heroique (1941)

Chamber

• Concerto for Piano and 9 Instruments (1931)

Instrumental

• Piano Sonata (1930)
• Elegy, for piano (1938)
• Trois pieces negres, pour les touches blanches, piano 2 hands (1949)

Film Music

• Merchant Seamen (1940)
• Anna Karenina (1948)

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Constant Lambert

• Free scores by Constant Lambert in the International Music Score Library Project
• Constant Lambert at Find a Grave
• 'The Jazz Age', lecture and concert by Chamber Domaine given on the 6th of November 2007 at Gresham College, including the Suite in Three Movements for Piano by Lambert (available for audio and video download).
• Constant Lambert (1905-1951), Composer, conductor and critic: Sitter in 24 portraits (National Portrait Gallery)

[edit] Bibliography

• Motion, Andrew. The Lamberts: George, Constant & Kit. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1986. ISBN 0374182833.

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