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Conrad Veidt
Conrad Veidt
	; Veidt in The Spy in Black (1939).
Born	Hans Walter Konrad Veidt; 22 January 1893; Berlin, Germany
Died	3 April 1943 (aged 50); Hollywood, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1917–1943

Conrad Veidt (22 January 1893 – 3 April 1943) was a German actor best remembered for his films roles, such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919), The Thief of Bagdad (1940) and Casablanca (1942). He also served as inspiration for the supervillain The Joker in the the Batman comics series, through his role as Gwynplaine in The Man Who Laughs (1928).^[1]

[edit] Early life and work

He was born Hans Walter Conrad Weidt in a working-class district of Berlin, Germany. (Some biographies wrongly state that he was born in Potsdam, probably on the basis of an early claim on his part.) From 1916 until his death, he appeared in well over 100 movies. He appeared in two of the most well-known films of the silent era: as a murderous somnambulist in director Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) with Werner Krauss and Lil Dagover and as a disfigured circus performer in The Man Who Laughs (1928). According to the Los Angeles Times, "Conrad Veidt starred in this semi-silent film based on Victor Hugo's novel in which the son of a lord is punished for his father's disrespect to the king by having his face carved into a permanent grin."

Veidt also appeared in Magnus Hirschfeld's pioneering gay rights film Anders als die Andern (Different from the Others 1919), in which he played what is probably the first gay character written especially for the cinema, and in Das Land ohne Frauen (1929), Germany's first talking picture.

[edit] Life in England

Veidt fervently opposed the Nazi regime, motivating him to emigrate from Germany in 1933 a week after marrying Illona Prager, a Jewish woman. He settled in the United Kingdom and became a British citizen in 1938.

He continued making films in Britain, notably three with director Michael Powell: The Spy in Black (1939), Contraband (1940) and The Thief of Bagdad (1940).

[edit] Later career

In the 1940s he moved to Hollywood, California, and starred in a few films, such as Nazi Agent (1942), in which he had a dual role as a Nazi and as the Nazi's twin brother, but his best remembered role was as Major Heinrich Strasser in Casablanca (1942).

He died suddenly of a heart attack a year later while playing golf in Los Angeles.

[edit] Popular culture

Comic book artist Bob Kane, writer Bill Finger and artist Jerry Robinson used stills of Veidt in The Man Who Laughs as inspiration for the iconic supervillain The Joker. The creators have long disputed who actually came up with the character.^[2]
Veidt sang the title song Where the Lighthouse Shines Across the Bay (in some territories) of the 1933 film F.P.1. It flopped at the time, but became a hit in the United Kingdom in 1980 after disc jockey Terry Wogan played it as a request on his breakfast show. Afterwards he was inundated with repeat requests.^{[citation needed]}
He's mentioned in Thomas Pynchon's 2009 novel Inherent Vice (pg. 115).

[edit] Personal life

It's been reported, though not verified, that Veidt identified himself as Jewish on Nazi questionnaires as an act of protest.^[3] This may be the source of inaccurate claims that he either converted to Judaism or was Jewish by birth.^[4]

[edit] Selected filmography

Uncanny Stories (Unheimliche Geschichten) (1919)
Different from the Others (Anders als die Andern) (1919)
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari) (1920)
The Head of Janus (Der Januskopf) (1920)
Longing (Sehnsucht) (1920)
Evening - Night - Morning (Abend - Nacht - Morgen) (1920)
The Hands of Orlac (Orlacs Hände) (1924)
Waxworks (Das Wachsfigurenkabinett) (1924)
The Student of Prague (Der Student von Prag) (1926)
The Beloved Rogue (1927)
The Man Who Laughs (1928)
The Last Performance (1929)

Congress Dances (Der Kongreß tanzt) (1931)
The Passing of the Third Floor Back (1935)
Dark Journey (1937)
The Spy in Black (1939)
Contraband (1940)
Escape (1940)
The Thief of Bagdad (1940)
A Woman's Face (1941)
Nazi Agent (1942)
Casablanca (1942)
Above Suspicion (1943)

[edit] References

^ Entertainment Weekly writer Frank Lovece official site: Web Exclusives — Bob Kane interview "[The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt — you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs [...] Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker'."
^ A brief history of the Joker - Los Angeles Times
^ http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Thinktank/1532/wwii/terms/f.html
^ http://www.nndb.com/event/931/000084679/

[0] Entertainment Weekly writer Frank Lovece official site: Web Exclusives — Bob Kane interview "[The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt — you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs [...] Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker'."

[1] A brief history of the Joker - Los Angeles Times

[2] ttp://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Thinktank/1532/wwii/terms/f.html

[3] ttp://www.nndb.com/event/931/000084679/

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