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"Connaught" redirects here. For other uses, see Connacht (disambiguation).
Connacht (pronounced /ˈkɒnəxt/ or /ˈkɒnɔːt/[1] — Irish: Connachta / Cúige Chonnacht — pronounced [ˈkɔnəxtə]), formerly Anglicised as Connaught, is the western province of Ireland, comprising counties Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. Its main urban centres are Galway in the south, and Sligo in the north. It is the smallest of the four Irish provinces, with a population of 503,083.
[edit] The nameIn Irish the province is usually Cúige Chonnacht, meaning the province (literally, the fifth) belonging to the Connachta dynasty. Ireland had five provinces until the Norman Conquest, and the dynasty claimed descent from the mythical king Conn. An alternative anglicised spelling which was officially used during English and British rule is Connaught.[2] In 1874 Queen Victoria granted the title Duke of Connaught to her third son, and could trace a descent from the Connachta.[3] [edit] Irish languageThe Irish language is spoken in the Gaeltacht areas of Counties Mayo and Galway, the largest being in the west of County Galway covering Cois Fharraige (Irish meaning 'by the sea'), and parts of Connemara, and Dúithche Sheoigeach (Joyce Country). [edit] GeographyConnacht is composed of five counties: Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. The highest point of Connacht is Mweelrea (814 m), in Mayo. The largest island in Connacht is Achill, also the largest island of Ireland. The biggest lake is Lough Corrib. The largest urban area in Connacht is Galway city with a population of 72,414 in the city proper. There is only one other city Sligo (pop. 40,402) (including suburbs). There are many large towns including Castlebar (pop. 11,891) and Ballina (pop. 10,409). [edit] Mythical historyIn Irish mythology up to the early historic era, Connacht, then including County Clare, was known as Cóiced Ol nEchmacht. It is said that the tribe of the Fir Bolg ruled all of Ireland right before the Tuatha Dé Danann arrived. When the latter arrived in Ireland (which the Fir Bolg called Ériu) and demanded land, the Fir Bolg king refused. When the Fir Bolg were defeated, the Tuatha Dé Danann were so touched by the courage of their enemy that they would give them a quarter of Ireland. They chose Connaught. [edit] HistoryA long established provincial kingdom, Connacht held the primacy of Ireland under Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair (often Anglicised Rory O'Connor) when the island was invaded by the Cambro-Normans of Henry II of England after 1167. Under the Treaty of Windsor (1175) he conceded half of the island to the Normans, and Connacht then became a tributary kingdom. After earlier attempts, such as that in 1188 by John de Courcy, a Norman knight who had invaded Ulster in 1177, were repulsed [4], finally in 1225 it was invaded, divided and colonised by the Normans. The Hiberno-Norman De Burgh, or Burke dynasty established themselves as the dominant kinship group in the centuries after the conquest. The remnant of the O'Conor family maintained the title of King of Connacht during the Middle Ages with kings inaugurated officially up until the late 17th century. The ruling O'Conor Don family have survived until the present day. The "Republic of Connaught" had a brief existence in 1798 with French military support. [edit] PoliticsConnacht–Ulster was one of Ireland's four regional constituencies for elections to the European Parliament until it was superseded in 2004 by the new constituency of North–West. [edit] See also
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