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Coda
Studio album by Led Zeppelin
Released	19 November 1982
Recorded	9 January 1969 – 21 November 1978
Genre	Hard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock, folk rock
Length	33:13
Language	English
Label	Swan Song
Producer	Jimmy Page, Peter Grant
Professional reviews
	Allmusic link; Robert Christgau (B+) link; Rolling Stone link;
Led Zeppelin compilations chronology

Coda is the ninth studio album^[1] by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in 1982. This collection of outtakes from various sessions during Led Zeppelin's twelve-year career was released two years after the group had officially disbanded following the death of drummer John Bonham. The word coda, meaning a "tail" that ends a musical piece following the main body, was therefore chosen as an apt title. It is said that John Paul Jones suggested this as the album title.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Overview

Led Zeppelin guitarist and producer Jimmy Page explained that part of the reasoning for the album's release related to the popularity of unofficial Led Zeppelin recordings which continued to be circulated by fans:

Coda was released, basically, because there was so much bootleg stuff out. We thought, "Well, if there's that much interest, then we may as well put the rest of our studio stuff out".

Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones recalled:

They were good tracks. A lot of it was recorded around the time punk was really happening... basically there wasn't a lot of Zeppelin tracks that didn't go out. We used everything.^[2]

According to the Led Zeppelin biography Hammer of the Gods, the band also owed Atlantic Records one more album from the five album deal that created Swan Song Records in 1974. As such, Coda can be seen as a contractual fulfillment.

"We're Gonna Groove" opens the album and, according to the album notes, was recorded at Morgan Studios in June, 1969. It was later acknowledged to have come from a January, 1970 concert at the Royal Albert Hall, with the guitar parts overdubbed and the original guitar part removed—this can be heard in the original Royal Albert Hall show on 9 January 1970.

"Poor Tom" is from sessions for Led Zeppelin III, having been recorded at Olympic Studios in June 1970.

"I Can't Quit You Baby" is taken from the same concert as "We're Gonna Groove" but was listed as a rehearsal in the original liner notes. The recording was edited to remove overall "live" feel: the crowd noise as well as the beginning and ending of the song were deleted. Crowd tracks were muted on the multitrack mixdown on this recording as with "We're Gonna Groove".

"Walter's Walk" is from the 1972 Houses of the Holy sessions, although it has been speculated that it existed only as a basic backing track until Coda was assembled.^[3]

"Ozone Baby", "Darlene", and "Wearing and Tearing" are outtakes from the In Through the Out Door sessions in 1978, though the drum sound is mixed with more reverb than the recordings present on In Through the Out Door - a trademark of 1980s recordings.

"Bonzo's Montreux" is a 1976 John Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page. This song would later be included on both boxed sets, first in a combined form with the studio version of Bonham's seminal Moby Dick drum solo on the 1990 Led Zeppelin boxed set, and as an individual track on the 1993 Led Zeppelin boxed set 2.

The inner liner features a collage of photographs. The main photo on the right side—showing the band members apparently clapping—was taken the day before their Knebworth concerts in 1979 and in that village. However, the band were dissatisfied with the image, and their images—and the ground where they stand—are all that remain from that photo. Superimposed behind the band is a photo of a green field in Chaddesley Corbett, Worcestershire, England, near Bonham's home.

Led Zeppelin parody cover band Dread Zeppelin released an album in 2007 entitled Bar Coda as a play on words of this album.

[edit] Track listing

Side one
#	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"We're Gonna Groove (Live)"	King, Bethea	2:42
2.	"Poor Tom"	Page, Plant	3:03
3.	"I Can't Quit You Baby (Live) (Edit)"	Dixon	4:18
4.	"Walter's Walk"	Page, Plant	4:31

Side two
#	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	"Ozone Baby"	Page, Plant	3:35
2.	"Darlene"	Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant	5:07
3.	"Bonzo's Montreux"	Bonham	4:19
4.	"Wearing and Tearing"	Page, Plant	5:32

1993 Compact Disc edition Four bonus tracks were added to the remastered compact disc edition included in the career-spanning box set Complete Studio Recordings (Disc 10), and subsequent Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset. The bonus tracks were not included on any other versions of the album.
#	Title	Writer(s)	Length
9.	"Baby Come On Home" (recorded 1968, appeared on Boxed Set 2, 1993)	Berns, Page, Plant	4:30
10.	"Travelling Riverside Blues" (recorded 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)	Johnson, Page, Plant	5:11
11.	"White Summer/Black Mountain Side" (recorded live in June 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)	Page	8:01
12.	"Hey Hey What Can I Do" (recorded 1970, appeared on b-side to "Immigrant Song" single, 1970)	Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant	3:55

[edit] Sales chart performance

Album

Chart (1982)	Peak Position
Norwegian Albums Chart^[4]	18
UK Albums Chart^[5]	4
Japanese Albums Chart^[6]	16
US Cash Box Top 100 Albums Chart^[7]	6
Canadian RPM Top 100 Albums Chart^[8]	3
New Zealand Top 50 Albums Chart^[9]	7
German Albums Chart^[10]	43
French Albums Chart^[11]	18
US Billboard The 200 Albums Chart^[12]	6
Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart	9

Singles

No commercial or promotional singles were issued, although three tracks received independent radio airplay. These songs were Led Zeppelin's debut on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, as the chart did not exist prior to 21 March 1981.

Year	Single	Chart	Position
1982	"Darlene"	Billboard Mainstream Rock	4^{[citation needed]}
1982	"Ozone Baby"	Billboard Mainstream Rock	14^{[citation needed]}
1982	"Poor Tom"	Billboard Mainstream Rock	18^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Sales certifications

Country	Sales	Certification
United States (RIAA)	1,000,000+	Platinum^[13]
United Kingdom (BPI)	60,000+	Silver^[14]

[edit] Personnel

Led Zeppelin

John Bonham – drums, vocals
John Paul Jones – bass guitar, piano, keyboards
Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitar, production, electronic treatments
Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica

Additional personnel

Barry Diament - mastering (original Compact Disc release)
Stuart Epps – engineering
Peter Grant – producer, executive producer
Andy Johns – engineering
Eddie Kramer – engineering
Vic Maile – engineering
George Marino - remastered Compact Disc
Leif Mases – engineering
John Timperley – engineering

[edit] Additional notes

Catalogue: (US) Swan Song 79 00511, (UK) Swan Song A0051.

[edit] External links

Coda at MusicBrainz

[edit] References

^ While some external sources categorise Coda as a compilation album, Led Zeppelin's official album label, Atlantic Records, categorises it as studio album. See for example the liner notes for the Led Zeppelin Box Set, Vol. 2 and the label attached to the Complete Studio Recordings boxed set.
^ Liner notes for the Led Zeppelin boxed set.
^ Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
^ "Top 20 Albums - 28 November 1982". norwegiancharts.com. http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Coda&cat=a. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "Top 100 Albums - 4 December 1982". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=7082. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "Top 100 Albums - 18 December 1982". Oricon. http://www.oricon.co.jp/. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "Top 100 Albums - 25 December 1982". Cash Box. http://msdb.hp.infoseek.co.jp/cb&bb/album%20top20/82-12.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "RPM Albums Chart - 25 December 1982". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.6189a&volume=37&issue=19&issue_dt=December%2025%201982&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=hrg50o22lgammqcogv27ve6d95. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ Scapolo, Dean (2007). "Top 50 Albums - December 1982". The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st Edition ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 1-877443-00-8.
^ "Top 100 Albums - December 1982". charts-surfer.de. http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "Top 100 Albums - 1 January 1983". infodisc.fr. http://www.infodisc.fr/B-CD_1983.php. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "The Billboard 200 - 15 January 1983". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3069683&cdi=8767815&cid=01%2F15%2F1983. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "RIAA.org Coda - 7 February 1983". RIAA. http://www.riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
^ "BPI Coda certification - 19 December 1983". BPI. http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=23682. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[Explanation-0] While some external sources categorise Coda as a compilation album, Led Zeppelin's official album label, Atlantic Records, categorises it as studio album. See for example the liner notes for the Led Zeppelin Box Set, Vol. 2 and the label attached to the Complete Studio Recordings boxed set.

[1] Liner notes for the Led Zeppelin boxed set.

[Complete-2] Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.

[Norwegian_albums_chart-3] "Top 20 Albums - 28 November 1982". norwegiancharts.com. http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Coda&cat=a. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[UK_albums_chart-4] "Top 100 Albums - 4 December 1982". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=7082. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[Japanese_albums_chart-5] "Top 100 Albums - 18 December 1982". Oricon. http://www.oricon.co.jp/. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[US_cash_box_chart-6] "Top 100 Albums - 25 December 1982". Cash Box. http://msdb.hp.infoseek.co.jp/cb&bb/album%20top20/82-12.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[Canadian_rpm_chart-7] "RPM Albums Chart - 25 December 1982". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.6189a&volume=37&issue=19&issue_dt=December%2025%201982&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=hrg50o22lgammqcogv27ve6d95. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[New_zealand_albums_chart-8] Scapolo, Dean (2007). "Top 50 Albums - December 1982". The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st Edition ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 1-877443-00-8.

[German_albums_chart-9] "Top 100 Albums - December 1982". charts-surfer.de. http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[French_albums_chart-10] "Top 100 Albums - 1 January 1983". infodisc.fr. http://www.infodisc.fr/B-CD_1983.php. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[US_billboard_200_chart-11] "The Billboard 200 - 15 January 1983". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3069683&cdi=8767815&cid=01%2F15%2F1983. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[12] "RIAA.org Coda - 7 February 1983". RIAA. http://www.riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

[BPI-13] "BPI Coda certification - 19 December 1983". BPI. http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=23682. Retrieved 2009-01-19.

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