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About us - Cia Bella Medical Spa ciaobellamedicalspa.com | CIA - Central Intelligence Agency Page ssrsi.org | Bioethics Forum - The CIA Torture Report and the Medical Profession thehastingscenter.org |
The Cia-Cia language, also known as South Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the town of Bau-Bau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia. In 2009 the language gained international media attention with a decision by the town of Bau-Bau to adopt Korean hangul as the modern script for Cia-Cia.[2]
[edit] DemographicsAs of 2005 there were about 80,000 speakers.[1] Speakers also use Wolio, which is closely related, or Indonesian Malay. Wolio is falling into disuse as a written language among the Cia-Cia, as Indonesian is now taught in schools with the Latin alphabet.[3] [edit] Geographic distributionCia-Cia is spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, south Buton Island, Binongko Island, and Batu Atas Island.[1] According to legend, Cia-Cia speakers on Binonko descend from Butonese troops sent by a Butonese Sultan.[4] [edit] NameThe name of the language comes from the negator cia 'no'.[1] Cia-Cia is also known as Buton(ese), Butung, or Dutch Boetoneezen, names it shares with Wolio, and South Buton or Southern Butung.[1] [edit] DialectsThe language situation on the island of Buton is very complicated and not known in great detail.[5] Dialects include Kaesabu, Sampolawa (Mambulu-Laporo), Wabula (with its subvarieties), and Masiri.[1][6] The Masiri dialect shows has the greatest amount of vocabulary in common with the standard dialect.[1] Konisi & Hidayat discuss two dialects, Pesisir and Pedamalan; Pedamalan has gh in native words where Pesisir has r, but has r is loan words. [edit] OrthographyCia-Cia was once written in a Jawi-like script, called Gundul, based on Arabic with five additional consonant letters but no signs for vowels. In 2009 the language gained international media attention with a decision by the town of Bau-Bau to adopt Korean hangul as the modern script for Cia-Cia, beginning a pilot project to teach a class of fifty third-grade students the alphabet using textbooks created by the Hunminjeongeum Society.[2][7][8][9][10]
* ᄙ is not considered a separate letter of the alphabet. Medial /r/ and /l/ are distinguished by writing ㄹ single for /r/ or doubled for /l/; however, doubled ㄹ must be written across two syllables, as in 빨리 pali vs. 세링 sering. The empty vowel ㅡ is added before an initial doubled ㄹ, so that initial /l/ is written 을ㄹ-. However, final /l/ is written with a single ㄹ; for final /r/, the empty vowel is added, so that it is written 르 as if it were a separate syllable, as in 사요르 sayor. ** ㅇ inherits the null-[ŋ] conventions of Korean. However, it is not clear if or how glottal stop [ʔ] is distinguished; note that in Malay, glottal stop is assumed between identical vowels and not written overtly. In adapting hangul to the structure of Cia-Cia, the obsolete letter ㅸ was resurrected for /v/.[12] The implosives /ɓ/ and /ɗ/ are written with standard hangul letters.[13] Sample:[14]
[edit] WordsThe numerals 1–10 are:
[edit] Verb[edit] Noun[edit] Speech
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
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