Chill out (sometimes also chillout, chill-out, or simply chill), a term derived from a slang injunction to relax, emerged in the early and mid-1990s as a catch-all term for various styles of relatively mellow, slow-tempo music made by contemporary producers in the electronic music scene. The genres associated with chill-out are mostly Ambient, Trip-hop, Nu jazz, Ambient House, Ambient Trance, New Age and other sub-genres of Downtempo—a major branch of electronic music. Sometimes the Easy Listening sub-genre Lounge is considered to belong to the chill-out collection as well.

The term "Chill out music", as well as the genre itself, originated in chill rooms that were set up by DJs off to the edge of club dance floors to give patrons a chance to take a break from the hectic dance vibe and chill out with this style of music. Chill out as a musical genre or descriptive is synonymous with the more recently popularized terms "smooth electronica" and "soft techno" and is a loose genre of music blurring into several other very distinct styles of electronic and lo-fi music.

[edit] History

The earliest mentioned 'chill out room' was at the legendary Madchester nightspot, Konspiracy^[1]. In these rooms, visitors would find couches, comfortable pillows, psychedelic light shows projecting trippy images and music that was decidedly downtempo, especially when compared to what was going on a few feet away on the dance floor. Its history began in the UK, with new wave band The Durutti Column being an abstract influence on the genre in the '80s. Higher Intelligence Agency (the HIA) helped move the chill room concept from sideshow to main event with their Oscillate chill party events in Birmingham and elsewhere in the early to mid nineties. Their first releases came out on the now defunct Beyond record label and soon thereafter in the U.S. on the Waveform label - who describes the music as 'exotic electronica.'

In 1990 the KLF released their seminal ambient house album named Chill Out.

A number of compilations with "Chill Out" in their titles were released in the mid-1990s and beyond, helping to establish the genre as being very closely related to downtempo and trip hop but also incorporating, especially in the early 2000s, slower tempo varieties of house music, nu-jazz, psybient, and lounge music of approximately 80 to 110bpm . The genre also includes some forms of trance music, ambient music, and IDM, and it has entirely subsumed the older genre Balearic Beat, although that term is still used interchangeably with chill out. Chill out is generally tonal, relaxing (or at least not as "intense" as other music from the styles it draws from), although when used to describe the music played in chillout rooms at raves, it can also encompass extremely psychedelic experimental sounds of great variety.

[edit] Chill-room club culture

	"Deepecho" A full-length sample chill out track.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

An entire culture surrounding chill out music has evolved, with many fashionable bars and clubs, designed with a retro or retro-futuristic ambience, devoted to the genre. Ministry of Sound in London has hosted many chill out events in places such as Ibiza and there are hundreds of mix compilation titles including the words "chill out" or just "chill" that cater for the chill out audience. As of 2005 "chill out" is recognized by all major UK dance magazines and their charts. Ministry of Sound released an album in 2008 named "Chilled", they described the songs in the album "the best chill out songs from 1991 to 2008."

Chill out rooms at dance clubs fill a safety need for users of Ecstasy, which has had problems and deaths due to dehydration or heat stroke. In 1992 a UK rule required dance clubs to provide free water and chill out rooms in response to a number of Ecstasy-related injuries and deaths^[2].

[edit] Notable artists

Some notable examples of those chill out artists and projects are: Air, Cantoma, Urban Myth Club, Royksopp, Fila Brazillia, Portishead, Afterlife, Lux, Massive Attack, De-Phazz, Chris Coco, Zero 7, Jens Gad (former co-producer of Enigma), Kruder & Dorfmeister,Trentemøller, dZihan & Kamien, Thievery Corporation, Sven Van Hees, Tosca, Nightmares on Wax, The Dining Rooms, Bluetech, A Man Called Adam, Bonobo (musician), Bliss (Denmark), Electric Skychurch, Evolve, Mystical Sun, Single Cell Orchestra, Boards of Canada, William Orbit, Groove Armada, Leftfield, Lenny Ibizarre, Bent, Banco de Gaia, Alan Steward, and Lemon Jelly.

A few notable DJs that specialize in chill out and have achieved popularity are: José Padilla, Chris Coco, Pete Lawrence, Alex Paterson, Phil Mison and Mixmaster Morris, who is also known for having released Global Chillage and also records under the pseudonym The Irresistible Force.

Some of the labels with the most important rosters of chill out artists and largest catalogs of releases and compilations are (also in no order of precedence): ESL Music, Instinct Records, Café del Mar, Music For Dreams, Water Music, Pork Recordings, Ninja Tune, Mole Listening Pearls, Six Degrees Records, Waveform, Compost Records, Liquid Sound Design, and Ultimae. The chill out genre's increased following was noticed by the Ministry of Sound, a record label which specializes in dance music, which then began to produce a series of albums called The Chillout Sessions.

Among the most popular and influential of globally-available radio stations and programs are Groovera, Groove Salad (Soma FM), and Musical Starstreams.

[edit] Festivals

High-turnout festivals and events include The Big Chill, Sundaze, and Shambhala. The Big Chill festival, established by Pete Lawrence, is a large annual event catering for chilled out clubbers and families in Eastnor Castle, Herefordshire with resident acts including Gilles Peterson and Norman Jay. Sziget Festival in Budapest also has a large chillout area.

[edit] See also

• Ambient
• Downtempo
• Groovera
• Illbient
• Psybient
• Trip hop

[edit] References

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008)