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Shaken Baby Syndrome Books | Child Abuse Books | Sexual Assault Books |... gwmedical.com |
Trafficking of children is a form of human trafficking and is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of children for the purpose of exploitation. Commercial sexual exploitation of children can take many forms and include forcing a child into prostitution[1] or other forms of sexual activity or child pornography. Child exploitation can also include forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, the removal of organs, illicit international adoption, trafficking for early marriage, recruitment as child soldiers, for use in begging or as athletes (such as child camel jockeys or football players), or for recruitment for cults.[2] According to international legislation, in the case of children the use of illicit means—such as use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability—is not relevant in determining whether an act is a crime. [3] It is a form of Trafficking in human beings as defined by the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. The International Labour Organization convention 182 defines it as a form of child labour. Child trafficking is a crime under international law and under the national legislation of many countries.
[edit] International legislationThe United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000). The Protocol had been ratified by 135 countries.[4] International Labour Organization Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO convention 182) (1999) defines it as a form of child labour. Under both conventions, a child is any person younger than eighteen years of age. [edit] Challenges in the definition of child traffickingThere is a tendency for the trafficking debate, and related understanding of the phenomenon, to gravitate into a criminal approach on the one hand, and a human rights or protection approach on the other hand. This creates a false impression of opposing perspectives when, in reality, both dimensions are inherently linked and are essential to prevent and combat trafficking.[5] Despite its importance in any approach to the trafficking problem, there is no one single definition of exploitation and there is difficulty in determining the point at which exploitation begins The Palermo definition is not limited to cross-border trafficking – between neighboring States – and can be applied to both internal and intercontinental trafficking There are potential links between trafficking and migration. When people move from place to place – at local, national or international levels – they are likely to become more vulnerable particularly at times of political crisis or in the face of social or economic pressures. Whether driven by desperate situations, or motivated to seek better life opportunities, they may willingly consent to being smuggled across a border. Once transported across the border they may find themselves abducted into a trafficking network, unable to escape and without access to legal advice or protection. [6] [edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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