Cephalometric analysis is the study of the dental and skeletal relationships in the head.^[1] It is frequently used by dentists, often orthodontists in particular, as a treatment planning tool.^[2]

Two of the more popular methods of analysis used in orthodontology are the Steiner analysis, named after Cecil C. Steiner, and the McNamara analysis, named after James A. McNamara.^[3] There are other methods as well, including the Ricketts analysis.^[4]

Contents 1 Cephalometric radiographs 2 Cephalometric landmarks 3 Cephalometric angles 4 Cephalometric Software 5 References

[edit] Cephalometric radiographs

Cephalometric analysis depends on cephalometric radiography to study relationships between bony and soft tissue landmarks and can be used to diagnose facial growth abnormalities prior to treatment, in the middle of treatment to evaluate progress or at the conclusion of treatment to ascertain that the goals of treatment have been met.^[5]

[edit] Cephalometric landmarks

The following are important cephalometric landmarks: Sella (after sella turcica) Nasion A-point B-point Pogonion Menton Gnathion Gonion Porion Orbitale Bolton ^[6]

[edit] Cephalometric angles

According to the Steiner's analysis: ANB (A point, Nasion, B point)- indicates whether the skeletal relationship between the maxilla and mandible is a normal (skeletal class I relationship (+ 2 degrees), a skeletal Class II (+4 degrees or more), or skeletal class III (0 or negative). SNA (sella, Nasion, A point)- indicates whether or not the maxilla is normal, prognathic, or retrognathic. SNB (sella, Nasion, B point)- indicates whether or not the mandible is normal, prognathic, or retrognathic. SNA and SNB is important to determine what type of intervention (on maxilla, mandible or both) is appropriate. These angles, however are influenced also by the vertical height of the face and a possible abnormal positioning of Nasion. ^[6]

[edit] Cephalometric Software

Cephalometric software is used to help calculate the angles and measurements for cephalometric analyses. An example of such software is cephX which provides an internet based platform for cephalometric analysis.

[edit] References

v • d • e Orthodontics Diagnoses and Examination Cephalometric analysis - Crossbite - Malocclusion - Open bite - Prognathism - Retrognathism Appliances Archwire - Braces - Headgear - Invisalign - Ligature - Palatal expander - Quad helix - Retainer Procedures Accelerated orthodontic treatment - Cantilever mechanics Materials Beta-titanium - Nickel Titanium - Stainless Steel - Timolium - Elgiloy - Ceramic - Composite Notable contributors to the field of orthodontics Edward Angle - David Di Biase - Allan G. Brodie - Sheldon Friel - James A. McNamara - Cecil C. Steiner Other specialties Endodontology - Periodontology - Prosthodontology Organizations American Association of Orthodontists - British Orthodontic Society - Canadian Association of Orthodontists - Orthodontic National Group - Orthodontic Technicians Association

v • d • e Dentistry Recognized Specialties (in the United States) Endodontics - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology - Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics - Pediatric Dentistry - Periodontics - Prosthodontics - Dental public health - Restorative Dentistry Unrecognized Specialties (in the United States) Cosmetic Dentistry - Dental Implantology - Temporomandibular Joint Disorder - Geriatric dentistry Other Forensic Odontology - Dental Traumatology - Oral pathology Procedures Dental extraction - Tooth filling - Root canal therapy - Root end surgery - Scaling and root planing - Teeth cleaning -Tooth bonding - Tooth polishing - Tooth bleaching See also List of oral health and dental topics - List of basic dentistry topics - Oral hygiene - Dental instruments - Restorative materials

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