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Celestial was a term used to describe Chinese emigrants in the United States, Canada and Australia during the 19th century. The term was widely used in the popular mass media of the day.^[1]^[2]. The term is an attempt to translate a classical term in Chinese by which they refer to themselves in dealing with the non-Chinese. China is also often called the "Celestial Kingdom."^[3].

[edit] References

^ "The Wyoming Massacre," New York Times (1857-Current file); 6 September 1885; pg. 7, ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2003). Retrieved 12 March 2007.
^ "The Chinese Massacre," The National Police Gazette, September 19, 1885, no. 418, pg 2.
^ CHANCES IN CHINA; Standard Oil Man Says Celestial Kingdom Needs Much American Funds. The New York Times, February 15, 1914

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[nyt11-0] "The Wyoming Massacre," New York Times (1857-Current file); 6 September 1885; pg. 7, ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2003). Retrieved 12 March 2007.

[police-1] "The Chinese Massacre," The National Police Gazette, September 19, 1885, no. 418, pg 2.

[2] CHANCES IN CHINA; Standard Oil Man Says Celestial Kingdom Needs Much American Funds. The New York Times, February 15, 1914

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