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Disambiguation: For the fictional character see Katorea.
Cattleya
Cattleya labiata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Laeliinae
Alliance: Cattleya
Genus: Cattleya
Lindl.
Species

See text.

Cattleya (pronounced /ˈkætliː.ə/)[1] is a genus of 42 species of orchids from Costa Rica to tropical South America. The genus was named in 1824 by John Lindley after Sir William Cattley, who received and successfully cultivated specimens of Cattleya labiata that were used as packing material in a shipment of other orchids. The genus is abbreviated C in trade journals.

They are widely known for their large, showy flowers, and were used extensively in hybridization for the cut-flower trade until quite recently. This genus and the numerous hybrids come close, through their beauty, to the idealized picture we have of the orchids. The flowers of the hybrids can vary in size from 5 cm to 15 cm or more. They occur in all colors except true blue and black.

The typical flower has three rather narrow sepals and three usually broader petals : two petals are similar to each other, and the third is the quite different conspicuous lip, featuring various markings and specks and an often frilly margin. At the base, the margins are folded into a tube. Each flower stalk originates from a pseudobulb. The number of flowers varies; it can be just one or two, or sometimes up to ten.

Contents

[edit] Species

Originally, the concept Cattleya included a requirement that the pollinarium contain only four pollinia. Starting some time after December, 2000, the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) began re-organizing the generic boundaries with respect to hybrid registration. This has lead to multiple senses of the term Cattleya, not only with respect to species, but also with respect to hybrids.

[edit] Sensu MM

[edit] Sensu MMIX

In 2008, the genus Sophronitis was merged into Cattleya,[2] adding the following species (some of which belong to the genus Sophronitis sensu MM, and many of which belong to the genus Laelia sensu MM:

  • C. acuensis (Fowlie) Van den Berg, 2008: Açu Sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
Cattleya (Sophronitis) coccinea
  • C. alaorii (Brieger & Bicalho 1976) Van den Berg 2008: Alaor's Laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
  • C. alagoensis (V.P.Castro & Chiron) Van den Berg 2008: (Brazil - Alagoas)
  • C. alvaroana (F.E.L.Miranda 1999) Van den Berg 2008: (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • C. angereri (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Angerer's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. lietzelburgii (Schltr. 1921) Van den Berg 2008: Bahian Sophronitis (Bahia Laelia).
  • C. dichroma (F.E.L.Miranda 1991) Van den Berg 2008: Two-colored Sophronitis (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • C. blumenscheinii (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Blumenschein's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. bradei (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Brade's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. brevicaulis (H.G.Jones 1972) Van den Berg 2008: Short stemmed Hoffmannseggella (Brazil).
  • C. brevipedunculata ((Cogn. 1902) Fowlie 1972)Van den Berg 2008  : Short-stalked Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. briegeri (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Brieger's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. britoi (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro) Campacci: Brito's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais) == S. crispata x S. neomirandae
  • C. caulescens (Lindl.1841) Van den Berg 2008: Caulescent Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. cernua (Lindl. 1828) Beer 1854: Nodding Sophronitis (Brazil to NE. Argentina). This was the type species for the now defunct genus Sophronitis[3]
    • Sophronitis cernua var. alagoensis (Gomes Ferreira 1998) (Brazil - Alagoas).
    • Sophronitis cernua var. cernua ((Lindl. 1928)(Brazil to NE. Argentina) Lindley published this in 1828 as Sophronitis modesta. The Kew citation does not give any authority or date for the change to variety cernua
  • C. cinnabarina (Bateman ex Lindl. 1839) Van den Berg 2008: Cinnabar Sophronitis (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).
  • C. coccinea (Lindl. 1836!)Rchb.f. 1861): Scarlet Cattleya (Brazil to Argentina - Misiones).
  • C. colnagoi (Chiron & V.P.Castro 2005) Van den Berg 2008: Colnago's Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. conceicionensis (V.P.Castro & Campacci 2002) Van den Berg 2008: Hoffmannseggella of Conceição do Mato Dentro (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. crispa (Lindl.! 1828)Rchb.f. 1853: Crisped Sophronitis (SE. Brazil)
  • C. crispata (Thunb.1818) Van den Berg 2008: Crisped Cymbidium (Brazil - Minas Gerais), Accepted for many decades by the RHS as Laelia flava Lindl.1839.
  • C. bicalhoi (Rchb.f. 1876) Van den Berg 2008: Day's Laelia (Brazil - S. Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro).
Cattleya (Laelia) purpurata
  • C. duveenii nom. illeg. (Fowlie 1988) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Duveen's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó). This is not to be confused with C. x duveenii Pabst & A.Ferreira(1977) == C. guttata x C. harrisoniana
  • C. endsfeldzii (Pabst) Van den Berg 2008: Endsfeldz's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. esalqueana (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: ESALQ's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. fidelensis (Pabst 1967) Van den Berg 2008: São Fidélis Laelia (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • C. flavasulina (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Southern Yellow Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. fournieri (Cogn. 1897) Van den Berg 2008: Fournier's Laelia longipes (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. ghillanyi (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Ghilany's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. gloedeniana (Hoehne 1934) Van den Berg 2008: Gloeden's Laelia (Brazil - São Paulo).
  • C. gracilis (Pabst 1979) Van den Berg 2008: Delicate Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó).
  • C. grandis (Lindl. 1859) A.A.Chadwick 2006: Large Laelia (Brazil - SE. Bahia to N. Espírito Santo).
  • C. harpophylla (Rchb.f. 1873) Van den Berg 2008: Sickle-leaf Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo).
  • C. hispidula (Pabst & A.F.Mello 1978) Van den Berg 2008: Finely Bristled Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. hoehnei Van den Berg 2008: Hoehn's Cattleya (Brazil - Espírito Santo). Hoehn originally described this (in 1938) as Laelia mixta
  • C. itambana (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Itambé Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. jongheana (Rchb.f. 1872) Van den Berg 2008: Jonghe's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. kautskyana (V.P.Castro & Chiron 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Kaustsky's Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
  • C. neokautskyi (Pabst 1970) Van den Berg 2008: Kautsky's Laelia (SE. Brazil)
  • C. kettieana (Pabst 1976) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: Kettie's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. liliputana (Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Dwarf Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais: Serra do Ouro Branco).
  • C. lobata Lindl. 1848: Lobed Cattleya (SE. Brazil.) Known for decades as Laelia lobata
  • C. longipes (Rchb.f. 1863) Van den Berg 2008: Long-foot Laelia (SE. Brazil - Serra do Cipó).
  • C. lundii (Rchb.f. & Warm. 1881) Van den Berg 2008: Lund's Laelia (Bolivia to Argentina - Misiones, Salta).
    • Sophronitis lundii f. alba (L.C.Menezes) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase
  • C. mantiqueirae (Fowlie 1972) Van den Berg 2008: Mantiqueira Sophronitis (SE. Brazil).
  • C. marcaliana (Campacci & Chiron 2002) Van den Berg 2008: Marçal's Dungsia (Brazil - Bahia).
  • C. milleri (Blumensch. ex Pabst 1973) Van den Berg 2008: Miller's Sophronitis (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
Cattleya (Laelia) sincorana
  • C. munchowiana (F.E.L.Miranda 1999) Van den Berg 2008: Munchow's Laelia (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
  • C. mirandae (K.G.Lacerda & V.P.Castro 2005) Vam dem Berg 2008: Miranda's Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. pabstii (F.E.L.Miranda & K.G.Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Pabst's Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. pendula (R.C.Mota, P.L.Viana & K.G.Lacerda 2003) Van den Berg 2008: Hanging Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais)
  • C. perrinii Lindl. 1838: Perrin's Cattleya (SE. Brazil)
  • C. pfisteri (Pabst & Senghas 1975) Van den Berg 2008: Pfister's Laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
  • C. praestans (Rchb.f. 1857) Van den Berg 2008: Spectacular Laelia (SE. Brazil)
  • C. presidentensis (Campacci 2005) Van den Berg 2008: President's Hoffmannseggella (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. pumila Hook. 1838: Dwarf Cattleya (SE. & S. Brazil)
  • C. purpurata (Lindl. & Paxton 1852) Van den Berg 2008: Purple Laelia (SE. & S. Brazil)
  • C. pygmaea (Pabst 1976) Van den Berg 2008: Small Orange Sophronitis (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
  • C. reginae (Pabst 1975) Van den Berg 2008: The Queen's Laelia (Brazil - Minas Gerais).
  • C. sanguiloba (Withner 1990) Van den Berg 2008: Red-lobed Laelia (Brazil – Bahia)
  • C. sincorana (Schltr 1917) Van den Berg 2008: Sincorá Laelia (Brazil - Bahia).
  • C. tenebrosa (Rolfe 1893) A.A.Chadwick 2006: Dark Laelia (Brazil - SE. Bahia to Espírito Santo).
  • C. verboonenii (F.E.L.Miranda 1993) Van den Berg 2008: Verboonen's Laelia (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
  • C. virens (Lindl. 1844) Van den Berg 2008: Green Laelia (SE. Brazil)
  • C. wittigiana (Barb. Rodr. 1878) Van den Berg 2008: Wittig's Sophronitis (Brazil - Espírito Santo).
  • C. xanthina (Lindl. 1859) Van den Berg 2008: Yellow Laelia (Brazil - Bahia to Espírito Santo).

[edit] Natural Hybrids

[edit] Hybrids

Cattleyas have been hybridized both within the genus and with related genera for more than a century, but the last several decades have seen a remarkable increase in both the quantity and quality of the hybrids within the Cattleya alliance. Among the most popular are the Brassolaeliocattleya (Blc.) and Sophrolaeliocattleya (Slc.) hybrids. The vast majority of the Blc. hybrids have recently been moved into the new nothogenus Rhyncholaeliocattleya (Rlc.); the Slc. mostly into Cattleya, with a few in Laleliocattleya (Lc.)

Laelia (L.): Breeding with this genus refines the lip of the orchid, producing a more elongated closed "cone" that gracefully opens into the full lip of the blossom. Some species of Laelia also contribute an intense violet shade. L+C = Laeliocattleya, the basis for many more complex and highly popular hybrids. Most species of Laelia have recently been merged into Cattleya[1], after a brief sojourn in Sophronitis

Brassavola (B.): Most crosses with Brassavola are actually done with the Ryncholaelia digbyana, which was moved out of the Brassavola genus but was still considered such in naming the hybrid for many years. This cross is made in order to effect the fabulous "fringed", "feathered" or "ruffled" lip of the bloom; it also expands the lip of the blossom and the most imposing cattleya hybrids almost always have this species in their ancestry. These are usually the largest of the major cattleya hybrids. B+C = Brassocattleya, B+L+C = Brassolaeliocattleya.

Sophronitis (Soph.): A tiny, flame-colored orchid that introduces the most intense red color to its descendants. Many crimson and scarlet cattleya hybrids betray sophronitis in their ancestry. Sophronitis is also used to miniaturize cattleya hybrids. S+L+C = Sophrolaeliocattleya. Sophronitis was recently merged into Cattleya, after being expanded to include most of the Laelia species.[2]

Potinara (Pot.): The combination of all three of the above with a Cattleya. Potinaras are not as popular as Blc's or Slc's, but there are some incredible examples coming in all ranges of colors from light green to magenta. Although it is not a rule, they are generally smaller than Blc's but larger than Slc's. The recent merging of Sophronitis into Cattleya[3] extinguished the nothogenus Potinara.

Yamadara (Yam.): The cross of the Blc combination with an [Epidendrum]. The addition of Epidendrum appears to increase flower yield, and some Yamadaras are intensely colored. With the recent discovery that the first Yamadara was registered as Adamara, the nothogeneric epithet Yamadara has been extinguished and replaced with Adamara

Hawkinsara (Hknsa.): The Slc combination crossed with [Broughtonia]. Smaller, often magenta/reddish flowers. Most of these are now classified in the nothogenus Cattleytonia (Ctna.)

Cattleyas can be crossed with a large number of other allied genera, including Cattleyopsis, Caularthron, Schomburgkia, Tetramicra, etc. Hybridization can go all the way up to eight parent genera, such as Brassavola x Broughtonia x Cattleya x Cattleyopsis x Caularthron x Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis in Gladysyeeara.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. ^ Ron McHatten (2008). "RHS Advisory Panel on Orchid Hybrid Registration (APOHR) Meeting". American orchid Society. http://www.aos.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=4714. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  3. ^ Carl Leslie Withner, The Cattleyas and Their Relatives: Schomburgkia, Sophronitis, and Other South American Genera, Timber Press, 1990. p.67

[edit] External links

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