Settlements (including cities, towns and villages) established (ie first settled or otherwise came into existence) in the year 1878.

Where reliable foundation dates exist, articles should be categorised by year for 1500 and later, by decade from the 1300s to the 1490s, by century from the 10th century BC to the 13th century and by millennium for the 2nd millennium BC and earlier. Prior to 1500, where greater dating accuracy exists, articles should also be placed in the appropriate Establishments by year category.

Settlements established in the 1870s:

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