- Not to be confused with Castellano.
Castellani is a surname of Italian origin. The name refers to:
- Aldo Castellani (1874–1971), Italian pathologist and bacteriologist
- Castellani (wine), Italian wine company based in Pontedera, Tuscany
- Cesar Castellani (b. unknown, d. 1905), Maltese architect
- Christopher Castellani (b. 1972), American novelist
- Daniel Castellani (b. 1961), Argentine Olympic volleyball player
- Fortunato Pio Castellani (1794-1865), Italian jeweller and maker of micromosaics
- John Castellani (contemporary), American professional basketball player
- Leonardo Castellani (1899–1981), Argentine author, poet, and theologian
- Raymond Castellani (contemporary), American actor and founder of the Frontline Foundation
- Rocky Castellani (b. 1926), American professional boxer
- Valentino Castellani (b. 1940), Italian professor and politician; mayor of Turin 1993–2001