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The Canton of
[edit] HistorySchaffhausen was a city-state in the Middle Ages, documented to have struck its own coins starting in 1045. It was then known as Villa Scafhusun.[1] Around 1049 Count Eberhard von Nellenburg founded a Benedictine monastery which lead to the development of a community. This community achieved independence in 1190. In 1330 the town not only lost all its lands but also its independence to the Habsburgs. Then, in 1415 the Habsburg Duke Frederick IV of Austria sided with the Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, and was banned by the Emperor Sigismund. As a result of the ban and Frederick's need of money, Schaffhausen was able of buy its independence from the Habsburgs in 1418. The city allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454 and allied with a further two (Uri and Unterwalden) in 1479. Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederation in 1501.[1] The first railroad came to Schaffhausen in 1857. In 1944 Schaffhausen suffered from a bombing raid by United States Air Force planes that accidentally strayed from Germany to neutral Switzerland. The cantonal constitution was written in 1876 and revised in 1895. [edit] Geography The canton of Schaffhausen is the northernmost canton of Switzerland, located to the north of Zurich. It lies west of the Lake Constance and has a size of 298 km² (112 square miles).[2] Much of the canton is productive agricultural land, with 134.4 km2 (51.9 sq mi) (about 45%) of the canton used for agriculture while an additional 128.7 km2 (49.7 sq mi) (about 43%) is wooded. Most of the rest of the canton, 31.8 km2 (12.3 sq mi) (about 10%), is developed while only 3.8 km2 (1.5 sq mi) (1.3%) of the canton is unproductive (rivers, lakes or mountains).[3] The land is almost entirely surrounded by Germany, which lies to the north, east and west of the canton. The canton of Schaffhausen is even divided by parts of Germany. There are three parts to the canton. The largest part includes the capital Schaffhausen. The small district of Rüdlingen-Buchberg lies in the south west of the canton, and the third part contains Ramsen and Stein am Rhein to the east. Furthermore the German exclave town of Büsingen am Hochrhein lies along part of the southern border of the main section of the canton. Most of the canton lies on a plateau dominated by the Hoher Randen. The summit of this mountain is 912 m (2,992 ft). The slopes of the mountain are gentle towards the south where it reaches the Rhine valley. Short and narrow valleys intersect these gentle slopes. The Klettgau is one such valley. The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen and the canton of Zurich. [edit] Municipalities There are 27 municipalities in the canton as of January 2009[update].[4] [edit] DemographicsIn 2007 the population was 74,527 people of which 16,323 (or 21.9%) were foreigners.[5] The German language and Protestant faith predominate. The majority of the population (as of 2000[update]) is Protestant (50%) while a large minority is Roman Catholic (24%).[6] [edit] Economy Well-regarded white Riesling wine is grown here as well as several other varieties.[7] The main industries, however, are the production of machinery and metal goods. There is also watch making and jewellery. Minor industrial branches are textiles, leather goods, glass, cement, paper and chemicals.[8] There is a brewery in the canton. At Rheinau there is a hydro electrical power plant generating electricity for the canton and export. The largest demands of electricity are made by the chemical industry in Rheinfelden and the aluminium plant at Neuhausen am Rheinfall. The city of Schaffhausen also uses a large quantity of the electricity produced at Rheinau. Schaffhausen lies on the busy Milan-Zurich-Stuttgart rail line which is serviced by trains from both the Swiss SBB-CFF-FFS and German Deutsche Bahn national railway companies.[9] [edit] References
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