The cantiga de amigo (modern Portuguese and Galician spelling), or cantiga d'amigo (the spelling found in manuscripts of Galician-Portuguese lyric), literally a "song about a boyfriend", is a genre of medieval erotic lyric poetry, apparently rooted in a song tradition native to the northwest quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula. What mainly distinguishes the cantiga de amigo is its focus on a world of female-voiced communication. The earliest examples that survive are dated from roughly the 1220's, and nearly all 500 were composed before 1300. Cantigas d' amigo are found mainly in the Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti, now in Lisbon's Biblioteca Nacional, and in the Cancioneiro da Vaticana, both copied in Italy at the beginning of the 16th century (possibly around 1525) at the behest of the Italian humanist Angelo Colocci. The seven songs of Martin Codax are also contained, along with music (for all but one text), in the Pergaminho Vindel, probably a mid thirteenth century manuscript and unique in all Romance philology.

In these cantigas the speaker is nearly always a girl, her mother, the girl's girl friend, or the girl's boyfriend. Stylistically, they are characterized by simple strophic forms, with repetition, variation, and parallelism, and are marked by the use of a refrain (around 90% of the texts). They constitute the largest body of female-voiced love lyric that has survived from ancient or medieval Europe. There are eighty-eight authors, all male, some of the better known being King Dinis of Portugal (52 songs in this genre), Johan Airas de Santiago (45), Johan Garcia de Guilhade (22), Juião Bolseiro (15), Johan Baveca (13), Pedr' Amigo de Sevilha (10), Johan Zorro (10), Pero Meogo (9), Bernal de Bonaval (8), Martim Codax (7). Even Meendinho, author of a single song, has been acclaimed as a master poet.

The cantigas de amigo have been said to have characteristics in common with the Mozarabic kharajat, but these may be merely coincidences of female speaker and erotic themes.^[1]

Contents 1 Samples 2 Notes 3 References 4 See also

[edit] Samples

Below are two cantigas d’amigo by Bernal de Bonaval (text from Cohen 2003, tr. M. Boaz)

Bernal de Bonaval 7

Rogar vos quer' eu, mha madre e mha senhor,

que mi non digades oje mal, se eu for

a Bonaval, pois meu amig' i ven

Se vos non pesar, mha madre, rogar vos ei,

por Deus, que mi non digades mal, e irei

a Bonaval, pois meu amig' i ven

I want to ask you, my mother and my lady,

That you not speak ill of me today, if I go

To Bonaval, since my boy is coming there.

If it doesn’t upset you, my mother, I will ask,

By God, that you not speak ill of me, and I’ll go

To Bonaval, since my boy is coming there.

Bernal de Bonaval 8

Filha fremosa, vedes que vos digo:

que non faledes ao voss' amigo

sen mi, ai filha fremosa

E se vós, filha, meu amor queredes,

rogo vos eu que nunca lhi faledes

sen mi, ai filha fremosa

E al á i de que vos non guardades:

perdedes i de quanto lhi falades

sen mi, ai filha fremosa

Lovely daughter, look what I’m telling you:

Do not talk with your boyfriend

Without me, o lovely daughter.

And, daughter, if you want my love,

I ask you that you never talk with him

Without me, o lovely daughter.

And there’s something else you’re careless about:

You lose every word you talk with him

Without me, o lovely daughter.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ See Federico Corriente, Poesía dialectal árabe y romance en Alandalús: cejeles y xarajāt de muwaššaḥāt [Madrid: Gredos, 1997].

[edit] References

• Mercedes Brea & Pilar Lorenzo Gradín, A Cantiga de Amigo, Vigo: Edicións de Galicia, 1998.
• Rip Cohen, 500 Cantigas d'amigo: A Critical Edition, Porto, Campo das Letras, 2003.
• Giuseppe Tavani, Trovadores e Jograis: Introdução à poesia medieval galego-portuguesa, Lisbon, Caminho, 2002.
• Peter Dronke, The medieval lyric, Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1968.

[edit] See also

• Cancioneiro da Ajuda
• Cancioneiro da Vaticana
• Cancioneiro Colocci-Brancuti, also known as Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional
• Cantigas de Santa Maria
• Martim Codax
• Occitan literature
• Pergaminho Sharrer
• Galaician-Portuguese lyric
• Galician-Portuguese