Land Force Command (LFC), often also called the Canadian Army, is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. The current size of Land Force Command is 19,500 regular soldiers and 16,000 reserve soldiers, for a total of around 35,500 soldiers. LFC maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada and is also responsible for the largest component of the Primary Reserve, the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of the Land Staff is Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie. LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1, 1968. At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command. The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces. [edit] History  Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments. Following unification of the three armed services in 1968, Mobile Command became in effect the "Canadian Army" though the term "army" did not find favour until the 1980s when it became once again unofficially used to refer to Canada's land forces, both Regular and Reserve. The early organization of Mobile Command included tactical ground attack fixed and rotary wing aircraft, in addition to ground forces, and was akin to the integrated warfare approach of the United States Marine Corps. In a 1975 reorganization of the Canadian Forces, Air Command was created and all air assets were reassigned to that organization. Mobile Command was renamed Force Mobile Command and became an exclusive ground force. In 1997, Force Mobile Command was officially redesignated Land Force Command of the Canadian Forces. [edit] Army bases and training centres Alberta (Land Force Western Area) Manitoba Land Force Western Area Ontario (Land Force Central Area) - CFB Kingston, Ontario
- CFB Borden, Ontario
- CFB Petawawa, Ontario (2 CMBG) - Petawawa, Ontario
- CFB Meaford, Ontario (Meaford Tank Range)
- CFB Trenton, Ontario, Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre (formerly CPC) - Trenton, Ontario
- Four Mile Point Live Firing Range - Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
- Connaught Range and Primary Training Centre - Nepean, Ontario
Quebec (Land Force Quebec Area) New Brunswick (Land Force Atlantic Area) Nova Scotia (Land Force Atlantic Area) - LFAATC Det Aldershot, Kentville Nova Scotia
[edit] Regiments See: List of units of the Canadian Army Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army. Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as Battle Honours and Colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. Approximately two thirds of the Regular Force is composed of anglophone units, while one third is francophone. [edit] Regular force See: List of units of the Canadian Army [edit] Armoured Regular Force units include: [edit] Artillery Canada's regular field artillery has traditionally been called the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. Canada currently has four Regular Force regiments: [edit] Combat engineers [edit] Infantry Regular Force infantry regiments and battalions of the Canadian Army are: - The Royal Canadian Regiment
- Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
- Royal 22e Régiment
Between 1953 and 1971, the regular Canadian infantry consisted of seven regiments, each of two battalions (except the Royal 22e Régiment, which had three, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, which was divided into three "commandos"). The three present regular infantry regiments were augmented by three further regiments each of two battalions: After 1971, the regular force battalions of the QOR and the Black Watch were dissolved (their Militia battalions remained in Toronto and Montreal, respectively) with their personnel distributed between The RCR and PPCLI, while the Canadian Guards were disbanded. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995. [edit] Reserve force See: List of units of the Canadian Army [edit] Structure [edit] Commanders, Mobile Command [edit] Chiefs of the Land Staff [edit] Leadership The Royal Military College of Canada mission is to educate, train and develop Officer Cadets for leadership careers of effective service in the Canadian Forces-Canadian Forces Air Command, Canadian Forces Maritime Command and Canadian Forces Land Force Command. [edit] Equipment [edit] Utility vehicles | Model | Image | Type | Number | Dates | Manufacturer | Details | | MILCOTS Silverado |  | Light Utility Vehicle | 1,061 | 2003-2004 | Chevrolet,  United States | Militarized Commercial Off-The-Shelf or colloquially as the "Milverado". Replacing the Bombardier Iltis jeeps in non combat use. 2500HD - 2003 Basic model 861 (GM K25943HD) | | G-Wagen 4 × 4 |  | Light Utility Vehicle | 1,159 | 2003-2004 | Mercedes-Benz,  Germany | Replaced the Iltis light trucks in combat zones. Deployed in Afghanistan | | M-Gator |  | Light Utility Vehicle/All Terrain Vehicle | 48 | 2007 | Deere & Company, United States | Deployed in Afghanistan | | LSVW |  | Light Support Vehicle, Wheeled | 2,879 | 1993-1997 | Western Star,  Canada | Based on Iveco model 40.10 with trailer units | | MLVW |  | Medium Logistic Vehicle, Wheeled | 2,769 | 1982 | General Motors Corporation/Bombardier, United States/ Canada | License built M35/M36 series trucks. Peter MacKay had announced in January 2009, 1300 new 7000-MV from Navistar International.The new vehicle coming between 2009-2010.[1] Option of 1690 including Off-the-Shelf and Standard Military Pattern, project close out fall 2013. | | HLVW | N/A | Heavy Logistic Vehicle, Wheeled | 1,212 | 1992 | Urban Transportation Development Corporation, Canada | Based on Steyr 1491 Percheron truck chassis | | Bv206 |  | Tracked Utility Vehicle | 78 | 1983 | BAE Systems Hägglunds,  Sweden | They Were deployed in Afghanistan during the Operation Anaconda in march 2002. | [edit] Armoured fighting vehicles | Model | Image | Type | Number | Dates | Manufacturer | Details | | Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle |  | 8 × 8 Wheeled AFV | 203 | 1996 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Canada | Replaced the Lynx in the armoured reconnaissance role. The Coyote will be replaced by 200 modern Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle and a option of 100 more starting by 2011. | | Grizzly AVGP | | 6 × 6 Wheeled APC | 274 | 1976 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Canada | Variants include Personnel Carrier (52),Command Post (80),Radio Relay (10),Artillery Gun Tractor (18),Mobile Repair Team (70)[2] ,Life-extended & relegated to support roles after 2000; 100 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan. | | Bison | N/A | 8 × 8 Wheeled APC | 199 | 1990 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Canada | TRILS (Tactical Radar Identification and Location System) uses Bison chassis; as Ambulances (74), Mortar vehicles (60), Recovery vehicles (35), Mobile Repair Team vehicles (16), Electronic Warfare vehicles (AERIES) (14). | | M113A3/MTVL |  | Tracked APC | 1,143 | 1960s-1991; 2001-2006 | FMC, United States | 289 of original 1,143 M113's delivered mid-1960s to early 1990s upgraded to A3/MTVL; remainder declared surplus; used Taurus ARV tank tow vehicle. It is anticipated that the upgraded M113s will be in service until 2020. | | LAV III |  | 8 × 8 Wheeled AFV | 651 | 1999 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division Canada | LAV Infantry Section Carriers (313), LAV Command Post variants (181), LAV TOW Under Armour (TUA) variants (Turret equipped with 2 TOW launchers) (33), LAV Forward Observation Officer (FOO) variants (47), LAV Engineer variants (44), Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle (MMEV) (33). According to the Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie , 33 per cent of the army's light-armoured vehicles (LAVs) were out of service. He said Ottawa needs to get rid of the red tape and ensure that broken equipment gets fixed.[3] 33 surplus LAV TUA hulls will be converted into LAV ISC (Infantry Section Carrier), fitted with Nanuk Remotely Controlled Weapon Station and similar to the U.S M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle.[4] | | ADATS |  | Air-Defense, Anti-Tank System | 34 | 1989 | Rheinmetall Defence (formerly Oerlikon Contraves), Canada | ADATS are mounted on M113 Armored Personnel Carrier platform. The ADATS is considered to be the most successful SHORAD system in the world with 85% or better engagement success rate. ADATS is a completely self-contained system in an unmanned turret with FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) and TV sensors, laser rangefinder and designator, a search radar. Composed of eight missiles, the ADATS can hit multi-treats in few second. | | Leopard C2 |  | Main Battle Tank | 66 | 1978-1979 | Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Germany | 114 Leopard C1 tanks were upgraded to Leopard C2 in 2000–2001; Deployed in Afghanistan | | Leopard 2A4+ |  | Main Battle Tank | 95 | 2007–2009 | Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Germany | 80 Leopard 2A4 from Netherlands were updated in 2007-2008 with a Rheinmetall 120 mm L55 smoothbore gun, designated "Leopard 2A4+" and 15 Leopard 2A4 from Germany for spare parts and training, in the summer of 2007.Enineering, Developing & Licencing Inc. EODC awarding a contract with IBD Deisenroth Engineering for the Leopard 2A4 with a new evolution concept for modern full spectrum warfare. [5] [6] [7] [8] | | Leopard 2A6/2A6M |  | Main Battle Tank | 40 | 2007– | Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Germany | A squadron of 20 Leopard 2A6M tanks "for deployed operations" was leased from the German Bundeswehr for use in Afghanistan for interim use (starting August 2007)[9]. 40 Leopard 2A6 were purchased from the Netherlands 20 will receive upgrade for 2A6M (mine protection).[8]. The 20 German Leopard 2A6Ms will likely be retained and replaced with 20 of the 2A6s purchased from the Netherlands at the end of the lease agreement leaving a total of 40 2A6 for Canada. | [edit] Mine-resistant vehicles [edit] Engineering and support vehicles [edit] Miscellaneous vehicles | Model | Image | Type | Number | Dates | Manufacturer | Details | | TRILS | N/A | Tactical Radar Identification and Location System | 4 | 1997 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Canada | Based on Bison chassis. | | AERIES | N/A | Advanced Electronic Reconnaissance Intelligence Evaluation System | 6 | 1995 | General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Canada | Based on Bison chassis. | | ADPROWPU | N/A | Advanced Double Pass Portable Reverse-Osmosis Water Purification Unit | 40 | 1990s | Zenon Environmental Inc (now GE Water), Canada | Delivery of units by DART; Contract to upgrade trailer units given to Seprotech Systems Incorporated, Ottawa ON; units used in Canada, Pakistan, Haiti and Afghanistan | | CH-146 Griffon |  | Utility Helicopter | 85 | 1995-1997 | Bell Helicopter Textron, United States/ Canada | Armed versions deployed to Afghanistan to escort heavy lift helicopters | | CH-147 Chinook | | Cargo Helicopter | 6 currently in use since December 2008, 15 to be delivered between 2013-2014 | 2008 | Boeing, United States | Twin-rotor medium/heavy lift helicopter. Six CH-147 "D" model entered service in 2008, with a further 15 long range hybrid "F" models on order, with delivery expected 2013-2014.[12] Operationally deployed in January 2009 to Afghanistan. The future CH-147 "F" model will be fitted with MX-15 EO/IR surveillance turrets and AN/ALQ-213V Electronic Warfare Management System (EWMS).[13] [14] | | AHSVS | | Armoured Heavy Support Vehicle Systems | 86; option for additional 26 | 2008-? | Mercedes-Benz, Germany | Deployed in Afghanistan 2008 | | DAF XF95 Tropco Tractor | N/A | HET Tractor | 1-2? | 2007 | DAF Trucks,  Netherlands | Leased from Dutch Army until delivery of AHSVS is complete | | Broshuis HET | N/A | Heavy Equipment Trailer | 1-2? | 2007 | Broshuis BV, Netherlands | Leased from Dutch Army for use in Afghanistan. | | Heron |  | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle | 3 2 | 2009 | IAI,  Israel | One HERON Crash in Kandahar Airfield in March 2009 , the reason still a mystery. [1] Unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. Allows "ground forces to see...in real time [the] images acquired by the aircraft's sensors on a laptop on the ground"[15] | | Boeing ScanEagle |  | small UAV | 1+ | 2008 | Boeing | leased aircraft | [2] Vehicle camouflage used by CF Land Forces varies. Older vehicles use the 3 colour (green, brown and black) and olive drab. Those in service in the United Nations missions were painted white with the words "UN" in black or with the UN logo and a blue banner with the words "United Nations" in white). As for service in Afghanistan, most vehicles were painted with desert tan (with artillery pieces in their regular colours). [edit] Weapons and artillery | Model | Type | Number | Dates | Manufacture | Details | | Browning-HP 9 mm pistol | Semi-automatic pistol | N/A | 1944 | Inglis, Canada | License produced by Inglis during World War II | | P225, 226 pistol | Semi-automatic pistol | N/A | N/A | SIGARMS,  Switzerland | | | Remington 870 c. 1950 | Shotgun | N/A | N/A | Remington Arms, United States | | | C7 rifle/C8 carbine | Assault rifle | N/A | 1986 | Diemaco/Colt Canada, Canada | License produced and modified M16 | | C9 LMG | Light machine gun | N/A | 1986 | Fabrique Nationale,  Belgium | FN MINIMI | | C6 GPMG | General purpose machine gun | N/A | 1978 | Fabrique Nationale, Belgium | FN MAG | | Browning .50 Cal | Heavy machine gun | N/A | N/A | John M. Browning, United States | | | C3A1 Rifle | Sniper rifle | N/A | N/A | Parker Hale,  United Kingdom | being phased out and replaced with the C14 sniper rifle | | C14 Timberwolf | Sniper rifle | N/A | 2005 | PGW Defence Technologies Inc., Canada | Just entering service as the standard sniper rifle of the Canadian Forces. Chambered for .338 Lapua | | McMillan TAC-50 Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW) | Sniper rifle | N/A | 2000 | McMillan Brothers, United States | | | C13 fragmentation grenade | Hand grenade | N/A | N/A | United States | | | M203A1 grenade launcher | Grenade launcher | N/A | N/A | United States | | | M3 Carl Gustav 84 mm SRAAW(M) | Recoilless rifle | N/A | M2 1969, M3 1988 | Bofors, Sweden | | | M72 anti-tank weapon | Shoulder-launched rocket | N/A | N/A | Nammo,  Norway | | | ERYX ATM | Anti-tank missile | 435 | 1994 | MBDA,  France/ Canada | Short-ranged, man portable anti-tank missile | | TOW ATM | Anti-tank missile | N/A | N/A | United States | Long-ranged anti-tank missile | | 60 mm mortar | Mortar | N/A | N/A | United States | | | 81 mm mortar | Mortar | N/A | N/A | United Kingdom | | | C2 close support howitzer | Howitzer | N/A | N/A | United States | Used by the reserves only | | C3 close support howitzer | Howitzer | 96 | 1998 | United States | Used by the reserves only | | LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer | Howitzer | 28 | 1997 | GIAT, France | | | M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer | Howitzer | 12 | 2005-2008 | British Vickers, United Kingdom | Requested a further sale of up to 37 | | XM982 Excalibur 155mm artillery shell | Precision-guided munition | N/A | 2008 | Raytheon/BAE Systems Bofors, United States | | [edit] Other equipment [edit] Future projects See also: Future Canadian Forces projects [edit] Historic and retired equipment See: List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military [edit] Uniforms, load bearing and protective equipment See also: Battledress, Uniforms of the Canadian Forces Field kitchens and catering are used to feed members of the CF Land Forces personnel at bases and overseas operation centres. For personnel on patrol away from bases, they are supplied Individual Meal Pack. [edit] Rank structure Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and insignia of NATO. Not shown are the various appointment badges for specialist positions such as master gunner, drum major, etc. Many ranks are associated with specific appointments; for example a regimental sergeant major is usually a chief warrant officer. The title of master corporal also, technically, refers to an appointment and not a rank. Some ranks may have different names depending on the customary tradition of certain army corps, and may not appear here. Two commonly heard examples are the rank of Sapper, referring to a trained private in the combat engineers, and Trooper, referring to a trained private in the armoured trade. In addition, in the artillery, the ranks Trained Private through Master Corporal are represented by Gunner, Bombadier, and Master Bombadier respectively. | NATO Code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | OF(D) | Student Officer | | Canada (Edit) | | No Equivalent | General | Lieutenant General | Major General | Brigadier General | Colonel | Lieutenant Colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second Lieutenant | No Equivalent | Officer Cadet | | Général | Lieutenant-général | Major-général | Brigadier-général | Colonel | Lieutenant-colonel | Major | Capitaine | Lieutenant | Sous-lieutenant | Eleve-Officier | - 1 Honorary/War time rank.
| [edit] Battles involving the Canadian Army The Canadian Army has participated in the following campaigns as a combatant: [edit] Publications [edit] See also [edit] References - ^ "MacKay announces 1,300 new military trucks", Winnipeg Sun, January 9, 2009
- ^ http://www.army.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=71
- ^ LAV-III out of service
- ^ http://www.casr.ca/doc-lav-tua-isc.htm
- ^ http://www.ibd-deisenroth-engineering.de/news.html IBD and Eodc Introducing the Evolution Concept for Medium Armored Vehicles
- ^ http://www.ibd-deisenroth-engineering.de/leopard-2a4-evolution.html Leopard 2A4 Evolution
- ^ http://idr.janes.com/public/adlink/ads/1297078.pdf Comprehensive Protection in Urban Warfare Unprecedented Survivability in Missions
- ^ a b c DND backgrounder, Renewing the Canadian Forces' Tank Capability, April 12, 2007
- ^ Background—CF Leased & Purchased Leopard 2A6M/2A4 Tanks, at CASR
- ^ "Canadian Forces to Receive Additional Force Protection Vehicles > Canada > Military". Force Protection. November 17, 2008. http://www.forceprotection.net/news/news_article.html?id=270. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
- ^ http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=62
- ^ Canadian Press (August 2009). "Boeing nets $1.2B contract for 15 Chinook choppers". http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090810/canada_choppers_090810/20090810?hub=Canada. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/on-the-verge-canadas-47b-program-for-mediumheavy-transport-helicopters-02390/#more-2390 On The Verge: Canada’s $4B+ Program for Medium-Heavy Transport Helicopters
- ^ http://www.asdwire.com/news_detail/8316/L-3_WESCAM_to_Supply_Boeing_with_MX-15_EO/IR_Imaging_Sensors_for_Canadian_Forces_Helicopter_Program.htm L-3 WESCAM to Supply Boeing with MX-15 EO/IR Imaging Sensors for Canadian Forces Helicopter Program
- ^ Christoff, Stefan (January 28, 2009). "Canadian Drones Patrol Afghan Airspace". The Dominion. http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/2426. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
[edit] References [edit] External links |
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