Campylobacter jejuni Information & Campylobacter jejuni Links at HealthHaven.com

Campylobacter jejuni
	Scanning electron micrograph of C. jejuni demonstrating the chracteristic curved rod shape of the organism.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Proteobacteria;
Class:	Epsilon Proteobacteria;
Order:	Campylobacterales;
Family:	Campylobacteraceae;
Genus:	Campylobacter;
Species:	C. jejuni;
Binomial name
	Campylobacter jejuni; (Jones et al. 1931); Veron & Chatelain 1973

Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved, rod-shaped, non-spore forming, Gram-negative microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces.^[1] It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which usually develops two to three weeks after the initial illness.

C. jejuni is commonly associated with poultry and naturally colonises the digestive tract of many bird species. It has also been isolated from wombat and kangaroo feces, being a cause of bushwalkers' diarrhea. Contaminated drinking water and unpasteurized milk provide an efficient means for distribution. Contaminated food is a major source of isolated infections, with incorrectly prepared meat and poultry normally the source of the bacteria.

Infection with C. jejuni usually results in enteritis, which is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and malaise. The symptoms usually persist for between 24 hours and a week, but may be longer. Diarrhea can vary in severity from loose stools to bloody stools. No antibiotics are usually given as the disease is self-limiting, however, severe or prolonged cases may require ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin or norfloxacin. 90% of cases respond to ciprofloxacin treatment. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be required for serious cases.

The first full-genome sequence of C. jejuni was performed in 2000 (strain NCTC11168 with a circular chromosome of 1,641,481 base pairs).^[2]

[edit] Laboratory characteristics

Characteristic	Result
Growth at 25 °C	-
Growth at 35-37 °C	-
Growth at 42 °C	+
Nitrate reduction	+
Catalase test	+
Oxidase test	+
Growth on MacConkey agar	+
Motility (wet mount)	+
Glucose utilization	-
Hippurate hydrolysis	+
Resistance to naladixic acid	-
Resistance to cephalothin	+

Campylobacter is grown on specially selective "CAMP" agar plates at 42 °C, the normal avian body temperature, rather than at 37 °C, the temperature at which most other pathogenic bacteria are grown. Since the colonies are oxidase positive, they will usually only grow in scanty amounts on the plates. Microaerophilic conditions are required for luxurious growth. The selective medium known as Skirrow's medium is used. Skirrow's medium is blood agar infused with a cocktail of antibiotics: vancomycin, polymixin-B and trimethoprim under microaerophilic conditions at 42 degrees.

[edit] See also

Campylobacteriosis

[edit] References

^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ Parkhill et al.; Wren, BW; Mungall, K; Ketley, JM; Churcher, C; Basham, D; Chillingworth, T; Davies, RM et al. (2000). "The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences.". Nature 403 (6770): 665–668. doi:10.1038/35001088. PMID 10688204.

"Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced". 2005-01-04. http://www.plosbiology.org/plosonline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030040. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
Gorbach, Sherwood L., Falagas, Matthew (editors) (2001). The 5 minute infectious diseases consult (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30736-3.
Online Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 7: Campylobacter - US Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (accessed 13 October 2006)

[edit] Images

Blood-free, charcoal-based selective medium agar (CSM) for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni.

Scanning electron micrograph depicting a number of Campylobacter jejuni bacteria.

[edit] External links

Current research on Campylobacter jejuni at the Norwich Research Park

[Sherris-0] Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

[1] Parkhill et al.; Wren, BW; Mungall, K; Ketley, JM; Churcher, C; Basham, D; Chillingworth, T; Davies, RM et al. (2000). "The genome sequence of the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni reveals hypervariable sequences.". Nature 403 (6770): 665–668. doi:10.1038/35001088. PMID 10688204.

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Contents

[edit] Laboratory characteristics

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Images

[edit] External links