C-160
C-160 of the German Luftwaffe
Role	Transport aircraft
Manufacturer	Transall
First flight	25 February 1963
Introduction	1967
Primary users	Luftwaffe French Air Force Turkish Air Force
Produced	1965–1985
Number built	214

The Transall C-160 (often C.160) is a military transport aircraft developed by a consortium of French and German aircraft manufacturers for the air forces of those two nations and that of South Africa. The C-160 will be replaced in French and German service by the Airbus A400M, now under development.^[1]

[edit] Design and development

The C-160 was originally conceived as a replacement for the French Air Force's Nord Noratlas fleet. It is turboprop-powered and of conventional configuration for aircraft of this type, with high wings, and a loading ramp built into the rear of the fuselage. In size it falls between the Aeritalia G.222 and the C-130 Hercules.

Three prototypes flew in 1963, followed by pre-production machines in 1965 and production machines from 1967. The first batch included 110 C-160Ds for the Luftwaffe, 50 C-160Fs for the French Air Force, and nine C-160Zs for the South African Air Force. Four C-160Fs were converted to C-160P air mail transport aircraft, and were operated by Air France. Production continued until 1972 with French aircraft built by Aérospatiale and German aircraft by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm.

[edit] Operational history

Turkish Air Force Transall C-160D lands at RIAT 2008. This is the support aircraft for the Turkish Stars aerobatic team.

A Luftwaffe Transall

In 1977, the French Air Force ordered an updated version designated C-160NG, for Nouvelle Génération ("New Generation"). From 1981, 29 of these aircraft were delivered, half of them configured as tanker aircraft for aerial refuelling. Another four were configured as C-160H TACAMO aircraft, for communication with submerged submarines. Finally, two more were converted to SIGINT electronic surveillance aircraft, designated C-160G Gabriel, replacing the Noratlases that had been in this role previously. While still new, the C-160Gs took part in the Gulf War of 1991.

From 1994 to 1999, all French C-160s underwent an avionics upgrade and the addition of new anti-missile countermeasures. The C-160Fs and NGs so updated were redesignated C-160R (Renové—"renovated"). Luftwaffe machines have similarly undergone life-extension programmes by BAE Systems, but all French and German machines are reaching the end of their service lives as of 2008^[update]. All South African machines have already been retired, while the Turkish Air Force continues to operate 20 machines obtained from Germany (C-160T).

To replace the Transall, the Luftwaffe, the French Air Force, and the South African Air Force ordered respectively 60, 50 and eight Airbus A400M.

One South African Airforce C-160Z number 337 has been preserved and is on display at the South African Airforce Museum (Swartkops Airforce Base)in Pretoria.

[edit] Operators

C-160G Gabriel from French Air Force (EEA 1/54 Dunkerque)

A German Transall of the Luftwaffe dropping cargo

[edit] Military operators

 France

• French Air Force

 Germany

• Luftwaffe

 South Africa

• South African Air Force

 Turkey

• Turkish Air Force

[edit] Civil operators

 France

• Air France on behalf of French Postal Service

 Indonesia

• Manunggal Air Service

 Switzerland

• Balair

[edit] Specifications (Transall C-160)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83 ^[2]

General characteristics

• Crew: Three—two pilots, flight engineer
• Capacity:
  
  • 93 troops or
  • 61–88 paratroops or
  • 62 stretchers
• Payload: 16,000 kg (35,275 lb)
• Length: 32.40 m (106 ft 3½ in)
• Wingspan: 40.00 m (131 ft 3 in)
• Height: 11.65 m (38 ft 2¾ in)
• Wing area: 160.0 m² (1,722 ft²)
• Empty weight: 29,000 kg (63,935 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 51,000 kg (112,435 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Tyne Rty.20 Mk 22 turboprop, 4,549 kW (6,100 ehp) each

Performance

• Never exceed speed: 593 km/h (320 knots, 368 mph)
• Maximum speed: 513 km/h (277 knots, 319 mph) at 4,875 m (16,000 ft)
• Stall speed: 177 km/h (95 knots, 110 mph) flaps down
• Range: 1,853 km (1,000 nmi, 1,151 mi) with 16,000 kg payload, 30 min reserves
• Ferry range: 8,858 km (4,780 nmi, 5,504 mi)
• Service ceiling: 8,230 m (27,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 6.6 m/s (1,300 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 319 kg/m² (65.3 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 0.18 kW/kg (0.11 hp/lb)

[edit] See also

Comparable aircraft

• Antonov An-12
• Antonov An-26
• EADS CASA C-295
• Kawasaki C-1
  

Related lists

• List of military aircraft of France
• List of military aircraft of Germany
• List of aircraft of the South African Air Force
• List of military transport aircraft
  

[edit] References

• Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. ISBN 0 7106-0748 2.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: C-160 Transall

• C-160 page at Airforce-technology.com