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A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process, a chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway, and is not the primary product or service being produced. A by-product can be useful and marketable, or it can be considered waste.

Contents 1 Major by-products 1.1 Animal sources 1.2 Vegetation 1.3 Minerals and petro chemicals 1.4 Other 2 See also

[edit] Major by-products

[edit] Animal sources

• dried blood and blood meal - from slaughterhouse operations
• chicken by-product meal - clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, and intestines.
• chrome shavings - from a stage of leather manufacture
• collagen and gelatin - from the boiled skin and other parts of slaughtered livestock
• feathers - from poultry processing
  • feather meal - from poultry processing
• lanolin - from the cleaning of wool
• manure - from animal husbandry
• meat and bone meal - from the rendering of animal bones and offal
• poultry byproduct and poultry meal - made from unmarketable poultry bones and offal
• poultry litter - swept from the floors of chicken coops
• whey - from cheese manufacturing
• fetal pigs

[edit] Vegetation

• acidulated soap stock - from the refining of vegetable oil
• baggasse - the fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice
• bran and germ - from the milling of whole grains into refined grains
• brewer's yeast - from ethanol fermentation
• cereal food fines - from breakfast cereal processing
• corn steep liquor - from corn wet-milling
• distillers grains - from ethanol fermentation
• glycerol - from the production of biodiesel
• grape seed oil - recovered from leftovers of the winemaking process
• molasses - from sugar refining
• orange oil and other citrus oils - recovered from the peels of processed fruit
• pectin - recovered from the remains of processed fruit
• sawdust and bark- from the processing of logs into lumber
• soybean meal - from soybean processing
• stover - residual plant matter after harvesting of cereals
• straw- from grain harvesting
• vinasse - from the fermentation of sugar to ethanol fuel

[edit] Minerals and petro chemicals

• asphalt - from the refining of crude oil
• fly ash - from the combustion of coal
• slag - from ore refining
• gypsum - from Flue gas desulfurization
• ash and smoke - from the combustion of fuel
• mineral oil - from refining crude oil to produce gasoline
• salt - from desalination
• Molybdenum - from copper extraction

[edit] Other

• sludge - from wastewater treatment

[edit] See also

• By-product synergy