Butyraldehyde[1]
IUPAC name	butyraldehyde
Systematic name	butanal
Identifiers
CAS number	123-72-8 Y
PubChem	261
SMILES	O=CCCC
InChI	1/C4H8O/c1-2-3-4-5/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI key	ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYAZ
ChemSpider ID	256
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H8O
Molar mass	72.11 g/mol
Density	0.8 g/ml
Melting point	−99 °C
Boiling point	74.8 °C
Solubility in water	7.6 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Hazards
EU Index	605-006-00-2
EU classification	Flammable (F)
R-phrases	R11
S-phrases	(S2), S9, S29, S33
NFPA 704	3 3 0
Flash point	−7 °C
Autoignition temperature	230 °C
Explosive limits	2.5–12.5%
Related compounds
Related aldehyde	Propionaldehyde Pentanal
Related compounds	Butan-1-ol Butyric acid, isobutyraldehyde
Y (what is this?)  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₂CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colourless flammable liquid that smells like sweaty feet. It is miscible with most organic solvents.

[edit] Production

Butyraldehyde is produced almost exclusively by the hydroformylation of propylene:

CH₃CH=CH₂ + H₂ + CO → CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO

Traditionally, hydroformylation was catalyzed by cobalt carbonyl and later rhodium complexes of triphenylphosphine. The dominant technology involves the use of rhodium catalysts derived from the water-soluble ligand Tppts. An aqueous solution of the rhodium catalyst converts the propylene to the aldedyde, which forms a lighter immiscible phase. About 6 billion kilograms are produced annually by hydroformylation.

Butyraldehyde can be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butanol. At one time, it was produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde, which is derived from acetaldehyde.^[2]

Upon prolonged exposure to air, butyraldehyde oxidizes to form butyric acid.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0403
• European Chemicals Bureau

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